Waste Management Outlook for Mountain Regions

Notes

Acronyms

Short-lived climate pollutants remain in the atmosphere

for a much shorter period of time than longer-lived climate

pollutants, such as carbon dioxide (CO

). Their relative

potency, when measured in terms of how they heat the

atmosphere, can be tens, hundreds, or even thousands of

times greater than that of CO

. The impacts of short-lived

climate pollutants are especially strong over the short

term. Reducing these emissions can make an immediate

beneficial impact on climate change.

For the purposes of our analysis large mountain cities

are those with more than 1 million inhabitants, located

above 1,500 metres ASL. Exceptions include some

mountain cities that have populations just under 1 million

inhabitants (for example, Arequipa, Peru, and Naucalpan,

Mexico), as well as other cities just below 1,500 metres ASL

but which nevertheless are considered mountainous (for

example, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and Kathmandu, Nepal).

Please note this analysis may not be fully comprehensive

or accurate due to a lack of reliable data. National statistics

were used to compile this list.

Hazardous household waste includes paints, pesticides,

pharmaceuticals, certain detergents, personal care

products, fluorescent tubes, oil, batteries, print cartridges

and e-waste.

To download the guidance manual:

https://wedocs.unep.

org/rest/bitstreams/17340/retrieve

The informal sector, also known as the informal economy,

is the non-regulated, non-tax paying part of the economy.

The hierarchy of solid waste is understood as the

prioritization of preventative actions: waste reduction,

resource recovery, treatment, reuse or recycling; with safe

disposal of waste being the final option.

Waste Management Law N° 755 was approved in October

2015 (The Plurinational State of Bolivia, 2015)

According to a report by the National Programme of

Solid Waste Management (PNGIDS), in Ecuador there are

144 dump sites and 77 landfills. The aim of the PNGIDS it

that by 2017, 70 per cent of the population will dispose

of its waste in sanitary landfills instead of dumping sites

(Ministry of Environment, Ecuador; n.d.)

EPR instruments can include: product take-back

requirements; economic and market-based instruments;

regulations

and

performance

standards;

and

accompanying information-based instruments.

10. See

http://www.centralasia-travel.com/en/actions/clean-

snow#action_award_a for more information.

11. The Medellin Collaboration for Urban Resilience supports

4,000 cities globally and is committed to helping cities

achieve Target 11.b3 of the SDGs – to develop holistic

disaster risk management at all levels for cities and human

settlements by 2020. For more information, visit https://

www.cityresilience.org/mcur

3Rs

ABIS

AIT

ASL

BBIA

BMLFUW

CBD

CDM

CERs

CLTS

CMC

EPA

EPR

ETHZ

FoE

FAO

FYROM

GHG

GIZ

GWMO

HASP

ICIMOD

ICJ

IETC

IFMGA

ILO

INDCs

ISWA

MSW

NAMA

NGO

OECD

SLCPs

SWM

UIAA

UNCCD

UNDP

UNEP

UNESCO

UNFCCC

UNSCR

WCMC

WtE

Reuse-Reduce-Recycle

Asociación Boliviana de Ingeniería Sanitaria

Asian Institute of Technology

Above sea level

Bio-based and Biodegradable Industries Association

Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry,

Environment andWater Management

Convention on Biodiversity

Clean Development Mechanism

Certified Emission Reductions

Community Led Total Sanitation

Clean Mountain Can

Environmental Protection Agency

Extended Producer Responsibility

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich

European Union

Friends of the Earth

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Greenhouse gas

German Corporation for International Cooperation

Global Waste Management Outlook

High Altitude Sustainability Pakistan

International Centre for Integrated Mountain

Development

International Court of Justice

International Environment Technology Centre

International Federation of Mountain Guides

Associations

International Labour Organization

Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

International SolidWaste Association

Municipal solid waste

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action

Non-Governmental Organization

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development

Particulate matter

Short Lived Climate Pollutants

Solid waste management

Technisches Büro

International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

United Nations Development Programme

United Nations Environment Programme

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change

United Nations Security Council Resolution

World Conservation Monitoring Centre

Waste to energy