1107 / 1416
Particles: unique molecular & cellular effects
substan'ally higher amount of
reac've oxygen species
(ROS)
p21
(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor)
= cell cycle arrest
(Scholz 2001 Rad. Res.)
higher + longer cell cycle
arrest in the G2/M-phase
more damage to slow cycling or
quiescent cells
subcellular and cellular level
more clustered DNA damage