Cover HSC Section6_Nov2016-Book.pdf

as well as a decrease of elastic fibers. The concentration of

collagens IV and V did not change according to age group.

These findings suggest that as men age, the density of the

extracellular matrix increases, brought about by an increase

in collagen, while the loss of elastin results in decreased

viscoelasticity.

Author Contributions

Anete Branco

, interpretation of data for the work, drafting the

work, final approval of the work, agreement to be accountable for

all aspects of the work;

Alexandre Todorovic Fabro

, interpreta-

tion of data for the work, drafting the work, final approval of the

work, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, data

analysis;

Tatiana Maria Gonc

alves

, interpretation of data for the

work, drafting the work, final approval of the work, agreement to

be accountable for all aspects of the work;

Regina Helena Garcia

Martins

, study design, interpretation of the data, writing and

approval of the manuscript, critical revision, final approval, agree-

ment to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosures

Competing interests:

None.

Sponsorships:

Fapesp and Fundunesp, financial support to immu-

nohistochemical analysis and English version.

Funding source:

None

References

1. Butler JE, Hammond TH, Gray SD. Gender-related differences

of hyaluronic acid distribution in the human vocal fold.

Laryngoscope

. 2001;111:907-911.

2. Ramos HV, Simo˜es MJ, Pontes PA, et al. Immunohistochemistry

as a method to study elastic fibers of human vocal fold.

Braz J

Otorhinolaryngol

. 2005;71:486-491.

3. Ishii K, Yamashita K, Akita M, Hirose H. Age-related devel-

opment of the arrangement of connective tissue fibers in the

lamina propria of the human vocal fold.

Ann Otol Rhinol

Laryngol

. 2000;109:1055-1064.

4. Hammond T, Gray S, Butler J. Age and gender related col-

lagen distributions in human vocal folds.

Ann Otol Rhinol

Laryngol

. 2000;109:913-920.

5. Sato K, Hirano M, Nakashima T. Age-related changes of col-

lagenous.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

. 2002;111:15-20.

6. Gray SD, Titze IR, Alipour F, Hammond TH. Biomechanical

and histologic observations of vocal fold fibrous proteins.

Ann

Otol Rhinol Laryngol

. 2000;109:77-85.

7. Kutty JK, Webb K. Tissue engineering therapies for the vocal

fold lamina propria.

Tissue Eng Part B Rev

. 2009;15:249-262.

8. Hirano M. Morphological structure of the vocal cord as a

vibrator and its variations.

Folia Phoniatr

. 1974;26:89-94.

9. Hirano M, Kurita S, Nakashima T. Growth, development and

aging of human vocal folds. In: Bless DM, Abbs JH, eds.

Vocal

Fold Physiology

. San Diego, CA: College-Hill; 1983:22-43.

10. Sato K, Hirano M, Nakashima T. Fine structure of the human

newborn and infant vocal fold mucosae.

Ann Otol Rhinol

Laryngol

. 2001;110:417-424.

11. Gray SD. Cellular physiology of the vocal folds.

Otolaryngol

Clin North Am

. 2000;33:679-697.12

12. Hirano S, Bless DM, Rı´o AM, Connor NP, Ford CN.

Therapeutic potential of growth factors for aging voice.

Laryngoscope

. 2004;114:2161-2167.

13. Pontes P, Yamasaki R, Behlau M. Morphological and func-

tional aspects of the senile larynx.

Folia Phoniatr Logop

2006;58:151-158.

14. Hammond TH, Gray SD, Butler J, Zhou R, Hammond E. Age-

and gender-related elastin distribution changes in human vocal

folds.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

. 1998;119:314-322.

15. Sato K, Hirano M. Age-related changes of elastic fibers in the

superficial layer of the lamina propria of vocal volds.

Ann

Otol Rhinol Laryngol

. 1997;106:44-48.

16. Collins TJ. ImageJ for microscopy.

BioTechniques

. 2007;43:

S25-S30.

17. Miot HA, Brianezi G. Morphometric analysis of dermal col-

lagen by color clusters segmentation.

An Bras Dermatol

. 2010;

85:361-364.

18. Ximenes Filho JA, Tsuji DH, Nascimento PHS, Sennes LU.

Histologic changes in human vocal folds correlated with

aging: a histomorphometric study.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

2003;112:894-898.

19. Kendall K. Presbyphonia: a review.

Curr Opin Otolaryngol

Head Neck Surg

. 2007;15:137-140.

20. Paulsen F, Kimpel M, Lockemann U, Tillmann B. Effects of

ageing on the insertion zones of the human vocal fold.

J Anat

2000;196:41-54.

21. Gorhan-Rowan MM, Laures-Gore J. Acoustic-perceptual cor-

relates of voice quality in elderly men and women.

J Commun

Disord

. 2006;39:171-184.

22. Gregory ND, Chandran S, Lurie D, Sataloff RT. Voice disor-

ders in the elderly.

J Voice

. 2012;26:254-258.

23. Kolachala VL, Torres-Gonzalez E, Mwangi S, et al. A senes-

cence accelerated mouse model to study aging in the larynx.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

. 2010;142:879-885.

24. Tateya T, Tateya I, Bless DM. Collagen subtypes in human

vocal folds.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

. 2006;116:469-476.

25. Ohno T, Hirano S, Rousseau B. Age-associated changes in the

expression and deposition of vocal fold collagen and hyaluro-

nan.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

. 2009;118:735-741.

26. Behlau M, Azevedo R, Pontes P. Conceito de voz normal e

classificac¸a˜o das disfonias. In: Behlau M, org.

Voz: o livro do

especialista

. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Revinter; 2001:53-79.

27. Koszty

a-Hojna B, Andrzejewska A, Rogowski M, Pepinski W.

Evaluation of the ultrastructure of the vocal folds mucosa in

patients with presbyphonia.

Otolaryngol Pol

. 2002;56:239-243.

28. Ford C. Voice restoration in presbyphonia.

Arch Otolaryngol

Head Neck Surg

. 2004;130:1117.

29. Prades JM, Dumollard JM, Duband S, et al. Lamina propria of

the human vocal fold: histomorphometric study of collagen

fibers.

Surg Radiol Anat

. 2010;32:377-382.

30. Baltaziak M, Koszty

a-Hojna B, Moskal D, Falkowski D.

Morphological conditions of dysphonia in patients with vocal

folds edema.

Pol Merkur Lekarski

. 2010;29:181-186.

31. Roberts T, Morton R, Al-Ali S. Microstructure of the vocal

fold in elderly humans.

Clin Anat

. 2011;24:544-551.

32. Martins RHG, Gonc

alvez TM, Pessin AB, Branco A. Aging

voice: presbyphonia.

Aging Clin Exp Res

. 2014;26:1-5.

Branco et al