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794 SOCIAL RESEARCH
legitimately and rationally talk ab
tion even in a situation of consens
One way of deciphering dom
structure of discourse, includin
society. If, for example, spec
normative alternatives are syste
public discourse while others enj
public, cultural violence and i
reality.47 Obviously, an important
type of domination is the relation
the normative propositions. Last
existence of domination and sy
level of socialization of indivi
moment of the birth. This final i
levels of domination. As Bourdie
ideals and alternatives are arbitr
imposing an arbitrary princi
constitutes symbolic violence.48 It
culture and tradition through t
which is a universal preconditio
readily compatible with the nor
levels of problems are not even t
On the contrary, neofunctionalis
when they are, indeed, systemat
tioned.
Deterministic Tendency in Neofunctionalism
Surprisingly, however, functionalism and neofunctionalism
are too deterministic in their outlook on human actions. It is
true that functionalism tries to affirm and save the actor's
46 Claus Offe, Contradictions of the Welfare State (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984).
47 Habermas, Knowledge.
48 Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron, Reproduction m Education, Society and
Culture (London: Sage, 1977), pp. 1-69.
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