219 / 252
207
CHAPTER 8
Certificate of quality:
A certificate issued by a supplier to the effect that the goods
being supplied conform to the quality specifications agreed to in
the contract. The certificate forms part of the invoice and other
documents sent by the supplier to the buyer. See also Express
warranty, Self-certification and Technical specification.
Certification body:
An impartial body, governmental or non-governmental, possessing
the necessary competence and reliability to operate a certification
system, and in which the interests of all parties concerned with
the functioning of the system are represented. See also Quality
Certification System.
CFR:
See Cost and Freight.
Change order:
A written request by the buyer or the supplier indicating changes in
his requirements compared to those specified in the contract. May
involve renegotiation of the contract except when this contains a
change clause that provides for options in regard to scope of work,
quantity or quality of goods or delivery schedule. See also Buyer’s
option.
Characteristics:
A quality characteristic of a material or product as to its physical,
chemical or metallurgical property or performance index that is
measurable or at least observable. See also Technical specification.
Charter:
The mercantile lease of hire of a carrier such as a vessel, aircraft,
etc., for carriage of cargo on terms and conditions specified in an
agreement (called charter-party when an ocean going vessel is
involved).
CIF:
See Cost, Insurance and Freight.
CIP:
See Carriage and Insurance paid to.
Clean bill of lading:
A bill of lading that does not carry any remarks to indicate that
goods received were not in apparent good order and condition. If
the goods or packages are damaged or defective the master of the
ship will put an endorsement to this effect on the bill of lading. See
also Bill of lading.
Clearance of goods:
The procedures involved in clearing the goods received from abroad
through customs. See also Bonded warehouse and In bond.
Collusive tenders/
offers:
Tenders/offers by two or more tenderers who have joined together
to circumvent the intention of the buyer to secure competitiveness
by submitting tenders/offers, the terms and conditions of which are
decided jointly (and are therefore known to each) even when these
are submitted separately. See also Competitive tendering.
GLOSSARY