28 / 96
28
0
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Millions of Tonnes of oil equivalent
Total Final Consumption(TFC)**
0
50
100%
2000
2010 2012
2005
40
0.5
1.0
1.5
100%
44
51
67 68
75 74 80
Overall energy self-su cienc y
Croatia
Serbia
Albania
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
FYR Macedonia
Kosovo*
Montenegro
TFC percentage by sector
Total Primary Energy Supply***
14.5
6.7
1.1
Millions of Tonnes
of oil equivalent
Tonnes of oil equivalent
TFC per capita
Transport
Residential
Other
Industry
**The sum of consumption by the di erent end-use sectors: industry, transport, buildings (including residential and services) and other (including agriculture and
non-energy use). It excludes international marine and aviation bunkers.
** *Equivalent to total primary energy demand. It represents inland demand only and excludes international marine and aviation bunkers.
*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Source: IEA, “EnergyAtlas”,
(iea.org,accessOctober2015).
Energy
Copyright© 2015GRID-Arendal
Cartografare ilpresente/NievesLópez Izquierdo
Energy
The energy sector is considered highly important for
the economic growthof theWesternBalkan countries,
where there is large potential for the development of
this sector to bring new investments to the region.
A high dependence on imported energy, especially
on oil and natural gas, raises various concerns
for the security of energy supply and the need to
diversify the supply sources with renewable energy
such as biomass, solar and wind energy, as well as to
introduce energy efficiency.
Current patterns of energy use in the Western
Balkans lead to significant impacts on the
environment. The region as a whole has a high
carbon intensity due to its heavy dependence and
use of coal (lignite). Other environmental concerns
include pollution from energy combustion (e.g.
indoor and local air pollution from inefficient and
improperly used stoves) and deforestation and land
degradation (from excessive use of wood for fuel).
Taking into consideration all of these features, the
energy sector in the region is a major source of
greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutants (acidifying
substances, ozone precursors and particulates) and
oil spills.
The main domestic sources of electricity generation
in the region are lignite and hydropower. Serbia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia and
Kosovo
1
depend mainly on lignite (coal)-fired
thermal hydropower plants for electricity. Albania
derives almost all its electricity from hydropower.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro
also have significant hydropower capacity (IEA,
2008). There is also a high level of shared energy