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No data available
for Kosovo* GHG
total emissions
Production by type of source
Production per capita
GHG emissions
Millions of Tonnes of oil equivalent
Tonnes of oil equivalent
Total Production
Millions of Tonnes of CO
2
equivalent
Excluding Land-Use Change and Forestry
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
0.5 1.0
2.0
0,08
0,12
0,15 0,16 0,18
0,21
0,24
1.5
0
50
100%
2000
2005
2012
Energy intensity
Tonnes of oil equivalent/1 000 USD
2010
Renewables
(solid biofuels, solar, wind,
hydro and geothermal)
Others
Croatia
Albania
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
FYR Macedonia
Kosovo*
Montenegro
Serbia
3.3
23.5
56.2
Part from fuel
combustion
Total
*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Sources: IEA,“EnergyAtlas”,
(iea.org,accessOctober2015);WRI,“ClimateDataExplorer”
(cait.ori.org,accessOctober2015).
Energy
Copyright© 2015GRID-Arendal
Cartografare ilpresente/NievesLópez Izquierdo
infrastructure across countries, with extensive daily
and seasonal exchanges of electricity occurring. The
energy intensity (an indicator of energy efficiency)
5
of the Western Balkans is high. This can be attributed
to three main factors: the degraded state of the
energy infrastructure; high energy losses during
transformation, transmission and distribution; and
inefficiency in the end-use sector.
Energy systems within the region are considered to
be very vulnerable to extreme events and changes
in river temperatures (World Bank, 2014). The
extent and nature of the impacts depend on the
degree to which countries rely on different energy
sources. Thermal power production is vulnerable
to changes in climate through water availability
and temperature, due to the high dependence of
these power plants on cooling water. Lower levels
in lakes and rivers, reduced run-off, accelerated
evaporation and warmer water could also reduce
the amount of water for cooling or cause restrictions
on cooling water intake or discharge, constraining
generation capacity (World Bank, 2009). Taking
into account the effects of climate change on river
water temperatures and river flows, the capacity of
nuclear and fossil-fuelled power plants in Southern
and Eastern Europe could face a 6–19 percent
decline for the time period 2031–2060 compared to
1971–2000 (Van Vliet
et al.
, 2012).
More frequent extreme events, such as flooding,
will also threaten all types of energy infrastructure
and possibly drive up maintenance costs (UNEP/
ENVSEC, 2012), although there is only a limited
number of studies assessing this (World Bank, 2014).
Much of the energy infrastructure in the Western