148 / 188
146
Other studies from the UK have a higher consumption in lightning and less
consumption in air-conditioning.
A typical measurement for assessing the environmental impact is the energy
consumption in kWh per m² and year. Depending on the function of the warehouse,
the consumption varies from 40 to 120 kWh/m² year. Using these values and the
conversion factor from kWh to kg CO
2
e, the emissions of a warehouse can be calculated.
Example 10:
A warehouse in Germany with a cooling section has an energy consumption of
110 kWh/m² year. The total size of the warehouse is 4,500 m². The conversion factor
for the German energy mix from kWh to kg CO
2
e is 0.535 for the year 2015. The total
emission
G
is:
The conversion factor from the regional energy mix is essential for this calculation.
It depends on the resource mix for the energy production in the different countries.
Countries with a major part of renewable energy like Norway or nuclear energy like
France have a low carbon dioxide intensive way of producing energy. Countries with
a majority of coal and wood like India have a high factor.
Different tools of carbon calculators exist in the web. One suitable one is the
Simple Carbon Calculator of the UK National Energy Foundation [9].
6.4.3 Assessing the impact
Different organisations established a rating system for a sustainable building
scheme. Social, ecological and environmental aspects are graded by different KPI. Using
a point-based system of criteria, the final classification can be done. Criteria are, for
example, energy and pollution, land use and ecology, location and transport, water
efficiency. The most used accreditation schemes are:
• Germany: DGNB (German Sustainable Building Council).
• England: BREEM (Buidling Research Establishment Environment).
• USA: LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment).
• Australia: Greenstar (a voluntary environmental grading system).
• Japan:CASBEE(ComprehensiveAssessmentSystemforBuildingEnvironmental
Efficiency).
In total, there are more than 60 different labels from different countries and
organisations. The German DGNB has more than 1,200 buildings accredited (09/2016)
– see Figure 6.8.