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Having the focus on emissions and energy consumption, an energy audit could be
a way to reduce the environmental impact. The process of an energy audit can include
the following activities [2]:
1. Measure and visualise the energy consumption of the warehouse and transfer
it to the KWh/m² year. Use the bills of the energy provider.
2. List and measure the energy consumption of the end-user (machine, special
part of the warehouse like a cooling section).
3. Analyse the consumption.
4. Set-up energy conservation opportunities.
5. Rate the costs reduction of the energy conservation opportunities.
6. Evaluate the different opportunities in a business context.
6.5 Combined model for distribution and warehousing
The calculation of the impact of the transport volume on the storage size and their
impact is done by process of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
In Figure 6.9, the typical approach is given.
Figure 6.9 Steps to calculating the carbon footprint [7]
STEP 1:
The objectives of the case study are to identify the influence of the transport
mode and frequency on the warehouse capacity and size and on the total environmental
impact. The warehouse can consist of a non-cooling and a cooling area. Processes are the
transportation by truck, train or ship from a warehouse to another distribution centre.
The frequency and the capacity of the different transport modes vary and so does the
required space in the distribution centre.
STEP 2:
McKinnon and Piecyk suggest different systems boundaries around transport
operations for carbon measurement. This is shown in Figure 6.10 [8].