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Risk factor SCC AdenoC
First or second hand smoke +++ ++
Alcohol consumption +++ -
Consumption of red meat + +
Barrett’s esophagus - ++++
Reflux symptoms - +++
Being overweight - ++
Poverty ++ -
Caustic injury to the esophagus ++++ -
History of head and neck cancer ++++ -
History with radiotherapy +++ +++
Extremely hot drinks + -
Polymorphisms
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) - +
p53 + -
Etiology
Prominent role of chronic mucosal injury