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Summary

More a concern in

younger people

, less impact

older patients, due to the

protracted latency period

of secondary malignancies (10–20 years)

Protons:

less normal tissue irradiated than IMRT,

lower risk of secondary malignancies

For prostate cancer patients the risk for secondary

malignancy is estimated to be

1% at 10 years

for photon

therapy and

1.75% at 10 years for IMRT

(Hall et al.)

Carbon Ions:

RBE for mutation induction increases

with LET. For risk estimation more data

necessary !