(
)
(
)
y
G
G
distorted
Tzyx Bm
tnzyx B
tnzyxB
mnzyx
mnzyx
y
x
) , ,(
) , ,(
) , ,(
, , , ,
, , , ,
0
∆
∆ −
∆
∆+
∆
∆+
Φ=
Φ
γ
γ
γ
With:
Φ
distorted
the distorted phase evolution
Φ
the ideal phase evolution:
Distortion of phase evolution
(
)
y y
x
TG ym tn xG mnzyx
∆ −∆ =
Φ
γ
γ
, , , ,