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In the frequency-encoding direction, both the non-linearity of the frequency-
encoding gradient and static field inhomogeneity cause geometric
distortions
In the phase-encoding direction, distortions are solely caused by the non-
linearity of the phase-encoding gradient
Result: geometrical distortion in spin-echo
imaging
x
G
x
G
zyx B
G
zyxB x x
x
) , ,(
) , ,(
0
1
∆
+
∆
+=
y
G
G
B
y y
y
∆
+=
1