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The Sensors
ATM
- PIKK kinase
- mutated in Ataxia Telangiectasia
- patients are radiosensitive
- activated by DNA damage (DSB), phosphorylates many proteins
MRN - important for ATM activation, recruitment
- involved in processing damage
- nuclease activity
DNAPKcs- PIKK kinase
- activated by DNA damage (DSB)
- involved directly in repair
Ku
- DNA end binding proteins
- recognize damage, recruit DNAPKcs
ATR
- PIKK kinase
- ATM and rad3 related kinase
- not involved in recognizing DSB
- important for replication stress, stalled forks
- is often activated during DSB repair