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UYGURSAY
MAILUU-SUU
KYZYLDZHAR
SHEKAFTAR
SUMSAR
CHARKESAR
CHADAK
YANGEBAT
ALMALYK
TABOSHAR
ADRASMAN
DEGMAY
GAFUROV
CHKALOVSK
KANIBADAM
BEKABAD
ISFARA
KHAIDARKAN
KADAMJAI
SHURAB
TASH-KUMIR
SULUKTA
TEREKSAY
MINGBULAK
OIL FIELD
ZERAVSHAN
ANZOB
KAN
0
50
100 km
A
h
a
n
g
a
r
o
n
S
y
r
-
D
a
r
i
a
K
y
z
y
l
s
u
S
y
r
-
D
a
r
y
a
C
h
i
r
c
h
i
k
K
a
r
a
-
D
a
r
y
a
Chardara Reservoir
Karakkum
Reservoir
Chatkal
Reservoir
Andijan
Reservoir
Toktogul Reservoir
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
CHINA
Namangan
Radioactive waste hotspots and transboundary pollution in Central Asia’s Ferghana Valley
Khujand
Batken
Ferghana
Osh
Andijan
Jalal-Abad
Gulistan
Jizakh
Syrdarya
Tashkent
TEO-MOYUN
Source: UNEP, UNDP, NATO, OSCE, Environment and Security Initiative, 2005.
Transboundary risk of soil, air and water contamination
Pollution pathways
Spills and reported industrial accidents
Oil and coal production
Metallurgical industry
Waste from polluting industries
Poorly managed waste sites
Mining tailing ponds and piles
Municipal waste
Pesticides and hazardous chemicals
Radioactive material processing and storage sites
Uranium tailing or radioactive processing
Closed uranium mine
Norway
Portugal
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Turkey
Spain
The Netherlands
Denmark
Finland
Belgium
Croatia
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Million tonnes
Energy production waste
in selected European countries
Source: EIONET, European Topic Centre on Resource and Waste
Management, 2006 (figures for 2002).
Czech Republic
Bulgaria
ENERGY PRODUCTION WASTE
No energy without waste
Many of today’s products involve complex production pro-
cesses that use large amounts of energy. Waste is a major
environmental concern for the energy sector. Depending
on the type of energy, the production process itself will
generate substantial quantities of waste. The energy sector
generates specific types of waste: waste from mining and
upgrading coal and lignite (tailing); waste from oil and gas
refining; combustion waste from thermal power stations;
waste from air-pollution abatement devices and finally the
components of the power station itself which must be dis-
mantled at the end of its service life (particularly sensitive
in the case of nuclear power stations).
The Soviet Union used the Ferghana Valley as one of its
main sources of metal and uranium ore. The area has many
nuclear waste storage sites, abandoned uranium mines
with poorly secured tailing dams and nuclear reactors
that pose a severe security hazard. Tailings are exposed
to wind erosion and easily accessible to grazing animals.
Local people are often unaware of the risks of exposure
to radiation, using metal and tailing materials for building.
Farmland borders tailing areas and children use waste
storage sites as playgrounds.