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because RBE is variable:
physical doses
must be corrected by the appropriate RBE’s
Requirements for treatment planning programs
Local Effect
Model (LEM)
Scholz et al. 1997
Microdosimetric
Kine5c Model (MKM)
Kase et al. 2006
Radiobiological models in TPS
HIMAC, Japan
HIT, (D), CNAO (I)
each of the many voxels
in a paIent CT must be
assigned an
“individual” RBE
for acIve beam shaping