990
Index
Oxpentifylline, 758, 767
Oxprenolol, 477, 478
Oxybutynin, 819, 820, 824–825
Oxycodone, 401, 402, 405
OxyContin, 67
Oxymetazoline, 846, 847
Oxytocics, 606, 620–622
adverse effects, 621
care considerations, 621–622
contraindications and cautions, 621
pharmacokinetics, 621
therapeutic actions and indications,
621
Oxytocin, 606, 620–622
P
Package inserts, 11
Paclitaxel, 198, 209
PACs (premature atrial contractions),
696, 699
Paediatric considerations, 57–58
body surface area, 57, 58
digoxin toxicity, 688
doses, 49
milligrams/kilogram of body weight, 58
Paget’s disease, 551, 563
Pain, 397, 398–400
impulse transmission and perception,
398–399
management, 400
perception, 400
receptors, 399–400
Paliperidone, 336, 338
Palivizumab, 260, 265, 266, 267
Palonosetron, 932, 934
Pamidronate, 566, 567
Pancreas, 573
hormones and, 514
Pancreatic enzymes, 888, 891
Pancrelipase, 896, 912
Pancuronium, 432, 434, 435, 437
Panitumumab, 265, 266
Panlobula emphysema (PLE), 865
Pantoprazole, 900, 906–907
Paracetamol, 241, 246, 248, 250–252
adverse effects, 251
care considerations, 252
combinations, 251
contraindications and cautions, 251
drug–drug interactions, 251
pharmacokinetics, 251
therapeutic actions and indications,
250–251
Paracoxib, 248
Paralysis, 432, 434, 434–441
Parasympathetic nervous system, 444,
445, 450–452
acetylcholine release, 451, 452
acetylcholine synthesis and storage, 451
blockade, effects, 505
cholinergic receptors, 451, 452
cholinergic response, 450–452
muscarinic receptors, 444, 451
nicotinic receptors, 444, 451
structure and function, 450
termination of response, 452
Parasympatholytic agents, 501.
See also
Anticholinergic agents
Parasympathomimetic drugs, 487, 488
Parathormone, 551, 553
Parathyroid agents, 565–569
antihypercalcaemic agents, 566, 567–569
antihypocalcaemic agents, 565–567
Parathyroid glands, 552, 562–565
control, 563
dysfunction, 563–564
hormones and, 514
hyperparathyroidism, 563, 564
hypoparathyroidism, 563, 564
structure and function, 562–563
Parenteral agents, 945–948
dosage calculations, 56
Paricalcitol, 564
Parkinson disease and parkinsonism,
372, 373–374
pathophysiology, 373
treatment, 374
Parkinsonism, 372, 373
Parkinson-like syndrome, 38
Paroxetine, 326
Parsley, 966
Partial seizure, 352, 355
drugs for treating, 365–369
Passionflower, 966
Passive diffusion, 15, 21
Passive immunity, 272, 273
Pathogens
identification, 85–86
sensitivity, 86
spread, 170
Pathological factors
drug effects and, 25, 26
PCP, 67
Peginterferon alfa-2a, 259, 261
Peginterferon alfa-2b, 259, 261
Pegvisomant, 525, 528, 529
Pemetrexed, 200, 202, 203
Penicillamine, 253, 254
Penicillins and penicillinase-resistant
antibiotics, 90, 108–111
adverse effects, 110
care considerations, 110–111
contraindications and cautions, 110
drug–drug interactions, 110
education regarding, 111
pharmacokinetics, 109–110
therapeutic actions and indications,
108–109
Pentamidine, 172, 173
Pentosan polysulfate sodium, 819,
826–827
Pentoxyverine, 844
Peppermint oil, 927, 966
Peptic ulcer, 896, 897
Pergolide, 374–376
Perhexiline, 716, 724
Pericyazine, 336, 337
Perindopril, 662, 664, 668
Peripheral nervous system.
See
Central
and peripheral nervous system,
drugs acting on
Peripheral resistance, 657, 658
Peristalsis, 888, 891
Permethrin, 952
Pernicious anaemia, 774, 777
Peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha
activator, 745–746
Pertussis, 274, 286
vaccines, 279–280
Pessary, 606, 622
Pethidine, 401, 402
Peyote, 67
Phaeochromocytoma, 459
Phagocytes, 229, 230
Phagocytosis, 72, 75, 229, 230
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS),
64–65
Pharmaceutical Management Agency
(PHARMAC), 6, 64
Pharmacodynamics, 16–19
drug–enzyme interactions, 16
receptor sites, 17
selective toxicity, 16, 18, 72, 81, 82
Pharmacogenomics, 16, 26
Pharmacokinetics, 16, 19–25
dynamic equilibrium, 20–24
absorption, 20–22
bioavailability, 22
biotransformation (metabolism), 23
distribution, 22, 24
excretion, 23–24
half-life, 24
loading dose, 15, 20
Pharmacology, 2
Pharmacotherapeutics, 2, 3
Pharmacovigilance, 32, 42, 50
Pharyngitis, 838
Phase studies, 2
drug evaluation, 5–8
Phenelzine, 316, 323, 324
Pheniramine, 853, 854
Phenobarbitone, 310–311, 352, 354, 357,
358–359, 362
Phenothiazines, 929, 930–932, 934
adverse effects, 932, 934
contraindications and cautions, 932
drug–drug interactions, 934
pharmacokinetics, 932
therapeutic actions and indications, 932
Phenoxybenzamine, 676
Phenoxymethylpenicillin, 109
Phentolamine, 469, 471, 474–475, 676
Phenylephrine, 455, 461, 462–464, 676,
846, 847, 958
Phenytoin, 352, 354, 356–358, 362
Pholcodine, 844, 845
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 681, 686,
692–693
adverse effects, 692
care considerations, 692–693
contraindications and cautions, 692
drug–drug interactions, 692
pharmacokinetics, 692
therapeutic actions and indications, 692
Photosensitivity, 929, 934
Physical examination, 44–45
Physiological factors
drug effects and, 25, 26
