980
Index
Dopaminergic agents
continued
contraindications and cautions, 376
drug–drug interactions, 376
pharmacokinetics, 376
therapeutic actions and indications,
374, 376
Doripenem, 97, 98
Dornase alfa, 859, 860
Dorzolamide, 957
Dosage calculations, 55–58
conversions, 55
dermal patch delivery systems, 504
intravenous solutions, 56–57
measuring systems, 55
oral drugs, 55–56
paediatric considerations, 57–58
body surface area, 57, 58
milligrams/kilogram of body weight,
58
parenteral drugs, 56
Dosulepin hydrochloride, 317, 319
Dothiepin, 317, 319
Doxazosin, 469, 475–476, 676
Doxepin, 317, 320
Doxorubicin, 190, 205–207
Doxycycline, 91, 114, 115–117, 166, 167
Droperidol, 420
Drospirenone, 607, 608
Drug abuse, 66–68
Drug administration, 45–46
children, 49
safe, 48
Drug allergy, 33
interventions, 34
Drug–enzyme interactions, 16
Drug–ion channel interactions, 17
Drug–receptor interactions, 17
Drug use history, 44
Drug vehicle, 842, 845
Drugs, 2
elements used for therapeutic effect, 5
evaluation, 5–8
phase I studies, 2, 6
phase II studies, 2, 6–7
phase III studies, 2, 7
phase IV studies, 2, 8
phases of development, 7
preclinical trials, 2, 6
Therapeutic Goods Administration
approval, 7–8
factors influencing drug effects, 25–28
age, 25, 26
cumulation, 25, 27
environmental factors, 25, 27
gender, 25, 26
genetic factors, 25, 26
immunological factors, 25, 26–27
interactions.
See
Interactions
pathological factors, 25, 26
physiological factors, 25, 26
psychological factors, 25, 26
tolerance, 25, 27
weight, 25–26
generic, 2, 5, 9–10
legal regulation, 8–10
optimal therapeutic effect, 28–29
orphan, 2, 10
over-the-counter (OTC), 2, 10, 854
pharmacodynamics, 16–19
pharmacogenomics, 16, 26
pharmacokinetics.
See
Pharmacokinetics
post-marketing surveillance, 2, 6
preclinical trials, 2, 6
pregnancy, safety during, 8–9
scheduling, 9, 10
sources, 3–5
natural, 3–5
synthetic, 5
sources of drug information, 11–12
drug labels, 11
Internet information, 12
journals, 12
package inserts, 11
reference books, 11–12
tissue and organ damage.
See
Tissue
and organ damage, drug induced
toxic effects.
See
Toxic effects of drugs
use, history of, 44
Duloxetine, 325, 326
Dutasteride, 828, 829
Dwarfism, 521, 526
Dynamic equilibrium, 20–24
absorption, 20–22
bioavailability, 22
biotransformation (metabolism), 23
distribution, 22–23
excretion, 23–24
half-life, 24–25
Dyspnoea, 681, 684
Dysrhythmia
See
Arrhythmias
Dysuria, 819, 824
E
Echinacea, 205, 964
Echinocandin antifungals, 150, 152,
154–155
adverse effects, 155
contraindications and cautions, 155
drug–drug interactions, 155
pharmacokinetics, 155
therapeutic actions and indications, 154
Econazole, 157, 951
Ectopic focus, 642, 648
Edrophonium, 489, 493–495
Education
anti-infective agents, using, 85
cystitis treatment, 822–823
epilepsy, 353
HIV and AIDS, 138
importance of, 64
level of understanding, 44
nasal medication, administering, 848
paediatric immunisation, 278
person and family, 46, 47
self-administration of medications, 876
vaccines, regarding, 284–285
Efavirenz, 135, 136, 141
Effective concentration, 15, 19
Effector cells, 292, 293
Effector T cells, 233
Efferent fibres, 292, 293
Eflornithine, 953
Eformoterol, 867, 871–872
Elder bark and flowers, 964
Electrocardiogram, 642
Electrocardiography, 646–648
arrhytyhmias, 647–648
Electrolyte imbalances, 37
Eletriptan, 411, 412
Emotional functions, 300
Emtricitabine, 136, 137, 138, 139
Enalapril, 662, 664
Endocannabinoids, 729, 746
receptors, 572, 575
Endocrine system, 512–518
adrenocortical agents.
See
Adrenocortical agents
endocrine regulation, 517–518
hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HPA),
512, 517
glands, 512–514, 515
glucose levels, agents to control.
See
Glucose levels, agents to control
hypothalamic and pituitary agents.
See
Hypothalamic and pituitary
agents
hypothalamus, 514–515
pituitary gland, 512, 515–517
anterior pituitary, 512, 515, 516
intermediate lobe, 515, 516
posterior pituitary, 512, 515, 516
structure and function, 513
glands, 513, 515
hormones, 512, 513
thyroid and parathyroid agents.
See
Thyroid and parathyroid agents
Endocytosis, 15, 72, 75–76
Endogenous substances, 15, 16
Enfuvirtide, 127, 137, 140
Engram, 292, 300
ENHANCE study, 743
Enoxaparin, 757, 766
Entacapone, 382
Entamoeba histolytica, 170–171
Entecavir, 144, 145
Environment
drug effects and, 25, 27
protection, 68
Enzyme induction, 15, 23
Eosinophils, 230
Ephedra, 964
Ephedrine, 456, 458, 676, 842, 846–848,
867, 871
Epidermal growth factor inhibitor, 220
Epilepsy, 352, 353
antiepileptics, 353, 361–363
counselling and education, 353
drugs used to treat, 356
Epirubicin, 205, 206
Eplerenone, 806, 813
Epoetin alfa, 775, 777–780
Epoetin beta, 777, 778
Epoetin lambda, 777, 778
Eprosartan, 665, 669
Eptifibatide, 756, 758
Equilibrium, dynamic.
See
Dynamic
equilibrium
