986
Index
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
continued
contraindications and cautions, 878
drug–drug interactions, 879
pharmacokinetics, 878
therapeutic actions and indications, 878
Leuprorelin, 521, 523, 524
Levetiracetam, 354, 365–368
Levobupivacaine, 425, 426
Levocetirizine, 854
Levodopa, 372, 374–376, 378–379
vitamin B, effect, 378–379
Levonorgestrel, 607, 608, 610, 611–612
Levothyroxine, 554
Leydig cells, 596, 601, 602
Licorice, 966
Lifestyle adjustment, 46
Lignocaine, 416, 425–427, 696, 701,
702–704
Limbic system, 292, 299
Linagliptin, 586, 588
Lincomycin, 104, 122
Lincosamides, 104, 105–106, 122
adverse effects, 104
care considerations, 105–106
contraindications and cautions, 104
pharmacokinetics, 104
therapeutic actions and indications, 104
Linezolid, 91, 121
Liothyronine, 551, 553, 556, 557
Lipid-lowering agents, 729–747
adults, 736
antihyperlipidemic agents, 729, 730
bile acid sequestrants, 729, 735, 737,
739–740
adverse effects, 737
care considerations, 739–740
contraindications and cautions, 737
drug–drug interactions, 737
pharmacokinetics, 737
therapeutic actions and indications,
735–737
children, 736
cholesterol absorption inhibitors, 729,
738, 743–745
adverse effects, 744
care considerations, 744–745
contraindications and cautions, 743
drug–drug interactions, 744
pharmacokinetics, 743
therapeutic actions and indications,
743
combination therapy, 740, 746
coronary artery disease, 730–731
fat and biotransformation (metabolism),
731–735
cholesterol, 732–733
hyperlipidaemias, 733
lipoproteins, 732
fenofibric acid, 745
fibrates, 729, 738, 745
future therapies, 746
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors,
737–738, 740–743
adverse effects, 741
care considerations, 741–742
contraindications and cautions, 741
drug–drug interactions, 741
hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A
(HMG-CoA), 729, 733
pharmacokinetics, 741
therapeutic actions and indication,
740
older adults, 736
peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha
activator, 745–746
vitamin B, 729, 738, 745
Lipoproteins, 72, 73–74
high-density (HDLs), 729, 732
levels, variation in, 731
low-density (LDLs), 729, 732
Liquid paraffin, 916, 920–921
Liraglutide, 586, 588, 589
Lisinopril, 662, 664, 668
Lithium, 334, 335, 340, 344, 345–346
Liver
disease, 767
injury (hepatoxicity), 36
dantrolene, 392
Loading dose, 15, 20
Local anaesthesia, 416, 424–428
agents, 425–428
adverse effects, 426–427
care considerations, 427–428
contraindications and cautions, 426
drug–drug interactions, 427
pharmacokinetics, 426
therapeutic actions and indications,
426
critical thinking exercise, 428–429
field block, 424
infiltration, 424
intravenous regional local anaesthesia,
425
mechanisms of action, 426
nerve block, 424–425
topical administration, 424
Lodoxamide, 957
Lomustine, 195, 197
Loop diuretics, 803, 805, 809–811
adverse effects, 810–811
contraindications and cautions, 810
drug–drug interactions, 811
pharmacokinetics, 810
therapeutic actions and indications,
809–810
Loperamide, 916, 923–924
Lopinavir, 136, 139
Loratadine, 854
Lorazepam, 200, 305, 306, 354
Losartan, 657, 665, 669–670
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), 729,
732
Low-molecular-weight heparins, 751,
757, 766
Lower respiratory tract, 834, 835, 865
conditions, 838–840, 865
Lower respiratory tract, drugs acting on,
864–883
adults, 866
bronchodilators/antiasthmatics.
See
Bronchodilators/antiasthmatics
children, 866
inflammation, drugs affecting, 875–881
leukotriene receptor antagonists, 864,
877, 878–880
mast cell stabilisers, 864, 865, 877,
880–881
steroids.
See
Steroids
lung surfactants, 881–882
adverse effects, 882
care considerations, 882
contraindications and cautions, 881
pharmacokinetics, 881
therapeutic actions and indications,
881
older adults, 866
LSD, 67
L-thyroxine, 551, 553, 554
Lubricant laxatives, 916, 920–921
adverse effects, 921
contraindications and cautions,
920–921
drug–drug interactions, 921
pharmacokinetics, 920
therapeutic actions and indications, 920
Lung surfactants, 881–882
adverse effects, 882
care considerations, 882
contraindications and cautions, 881
pharmacokinetics, 881
therapeutic actions and indications, 881
Lutropin alfa, 617, 618
Lycium chinense
, 964
Lymphocytes, 228, 230
Lymphoid tissues, 231
Lysosomes, 72, 75
M
Ma huang, 966
McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing
and Midwifery
, 3, 12
Macrolides, 91, 103–104, 105–106, 122
adverse effects, 104
care considerations, 105–106
contraindications and cautions,
103–104
drug–drug interactions, 104
drug–food interactions, 104
pharmacokinetics, 103
therapeutic actions and indications, 103
Macrophages, 228
Magnesium salts, 900, 904–905
Major histocompatibility complex, 228,
229–230
Major tranquilliser, 334
Malaria, 163, 164–166
antibiotics, 168
drugs to treat.
See
Antimalarials
life cycle of
Plasmodium
, 165–166
Male reproductive system.
See
Reproductive system, male, drugs
affecting
Malignant hyperthermia, 432, 434, 435,
438
Mandrake root, 966
Mania, 334, 335
Mannitol, 803, 806, 814
