Index
989
pharmacokinetics, 249
therapeutic actions and indications,
246, 249
Noradrenaline, 297, 456, 458, 462, 660,
662, 676
release, 448
synthesis and storage, 447–448
Norethisterone, 606, 607, 609, 611, 614
Norfloxacin, 106, 107, 819, 820–822
Nortriptyline, 317, 318, 320
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs).
See
Non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors, 126, 135–139
adverse effects, 138
contraindications and cautions,
137–138
drug–drug interactions, 138–139
pharmacokinetics, 137
therapeutic actions and indications, 137
Nucleus, 72, 73
Numerator, 53, 54
Nursing, 42, 43
assessment.
See
Assessment
clinical decision making, 42–50
evaluation, 42, 46
implementation, 42, 45
prevention of medication errors, 46–50
nurse’s role, 49
person’s role, 49
reporting of medication errors, 49–50
Nutrition
opportunist infections, 158–159
Nystatin, 153, 155
O
Obesity, thyroid hormones for, 555
Obstructive pulmonary diseases, 839
Octacosanol, 966
Octreotide, 525, 528, 529
Ocular damage, 37
Oedema, 803, 804
Oestradiol, 606–610, 614, 952
Oestrogens, 596–600, 609–610
adverse effects, 610
conjugated, 607, 608
contraindications and cautions, 610
drug–drug interactions, 610
effects, 598
oestrogen receptor modulators, 606,
609, 614–616
pharmacokinetics, 609–610
therapeutic actions and indications, 609
Off-label uses, 60, 64
Ofloxacin, 106, 107
Olanzapine, 336, 338, 344, 345
Older adults
adrenergic agonists, 456
adrenergic blocking agents, 471
anaemias, drugs used to treat, 779
anthelmintic agents, 183
antianginal agents, 717
antiarrhythmic agents, 701
antibiotics, 93
anticholinergic agents, 502
antidepressant agents, 318
antiemetic agents, 931
antifungal agents, 151
anti-infective agents, 82
anti-inflammatory agents, 241
antimigraine agents, 410
antineoplastic agents, 194
antiparkinsonism agents, 375
antiprotozoal agents, 164
antiseizure agents, 354
antiviral agents, 128
anxiolytic and hypnotic agents, 304
blood pressure, drugs affecting, 667
cardiotonic agents, 686
cholinergic agonists, 489
coagulation, drugs affecting, 752
corticosteroids, 540
digoxin toxicity, 688
diuretic agents, 807
female reproductive system, drugs
affecting, 608
gastrointestinal secretions, drugs
affecting, 899
hypoglycaemic agents, 574
hypothalamic and pituitary agents, 523
immune modulators, 260
laxatives and antidiarrhoeal agents, 917
lipid-lowering agents, 736
lower respiratory tract agents, 866
male reproductive system, drugs
affecting, 629
muscle relaxants, 386
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
blocking agents, 435
opioids, 401
psychotherapeutic agents, 335, 340
thyroid and parathyroid agents, 554
upper respiratory tract agents, 844
urinary tract agents, 82-0
vaccines, 274, 275, 277
Olmesartan, 665, 669
Olopatadine hydrochloride, 958
Olsalazine, 242, 923
Omalizumab, 265, 266, 267
Omeprazole, 896, 900, 906–907
Oncotic pressure, 642, 650, 653
Ondansetron, 199, 929, 932, 934–935
Ophthalmic agents, 955–958
administering, 456, 457
Opioids, opioid antagonists and
antimigraine agents, 397–414
adults, 401
antimigraine agents, 410–413
adults, 410
care considerations, 413
children, 410
ergot derivatives, 397, 398, 410–412
older adults, 410
triptans, 397, 398, 412
children, 401
cultural considerations, 403
migraine headaches, 397, 409–410
older adults, 401
opioid agonists, 397, 398, 400–406
adverse effects, 405
contraindications and cautions, 405
drug–drug interactions, 406
pharmacokinetics, 405
therapeutic actions and indications,
402–403
opioid agonists-antagonists, 397, 398,
402, 406–408
adverse effects, 406–407
care considerations, 407–408
contraindications and cautions, 406
drug–drug interactions, 407
pharmacokinetics, 406
therapeutic actions and indications,
406
opioid antagonists, 397, 398, 402,
408–409
adverse effects, 408
care considerations, 409
contraindications and cautions, 408
drug–drug interactions, 408
pharmacokinetics, 408
therapeutic actions and indications,
408
opioid receptors, 397, 399
opioids, 397, 400–409
sites of action, 403
pain, 397, 398–400
impulse transmission and perception,
398–399
management, 400
perception, 400
receptors, 399–400
responses to, 403
Opium derivatives, 923
Optimal therapeutic effect, 28–29
Oral contraceptives, 611–612, 616–617
antibiotics and, 115–117
Oral decongestants, 842, 847, 849–851
adverse effects, 849
care considerations, 850–851
contraindications and cautions, 849
drug–drug interactions, 849–850
pharmacokinetics, 849
therapeutic actions and indications, 849
Organelles, 72, 75
Orphan drugs, 2, 10
Orphenadrine, 388, 389
Orthopnoea, 681, 684
Oseltamivir, 130
Osmosis, 72, 77
Osmotic diuretics, 803, 806, 814
Osmotic pull, 803, 814
Osteoporosis, 564
postmenopausal, 551, 563, 564
Ototoxicity, 37–38
Ova, 596, 597
Ovaries, 596, 597
hormones and, 514
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, 2, 10,
62–63
cough and cold medication, 854
ingredients in common, 62
Ovulation, 596, 598
Oxaliplatin, 195, 197
Oxazepam, 305, 306
Oxcarbazepine, 354, 365–368
Oxicam derivatives, 240, 246, 247
