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102
Access to safe drinking water and improved
sanitation by 2015
The proportion of people in urban areas who
use drinking water from improved sources has
increased to 83 per cent in 2008, from 68 per
cent in 1990 (Government of Tanzania 2008).
While more than 80 per cent of people living
in urban areas in Tanzania have access to clean
drinking water, the figure drops to just over
one-third in the rural areas, thus bringing
down the national average to about half of the
population with access to safe drinking water
(Figure 4.41).
The targets for 2015 for improved water supply
are 74 per cent for rural areas (from 51 per cent
in 1990) and 84 per cent for urban areas (68
percent in 1990). The goal is likely to be met with
respect to urban water supply if the challenges
of increased population pressure and lack of
adequate resources are addressed but less likely
in rural areas of mainland Tanzania. Targets
with respect to sanitation coverage and urban
population living in slums are unlikely to be met,
although significant improvement is expected
(Government of Tanzania 2008).
Sewerage service coverage in urban centres
increased from around four per cent in 1990,
to six per cent in 2000 and 17 per cent in 2008.
There has been a steady increase of coverage in
improved sanitation facilities from 40.2 per cent
in 2001, 50 per cent in 2006, to 55 per cent in
2007, as shown in Figure 4.42. Similar progress
has been recorded in Zanzibar, with the
proportion of population using an improved
sanitation facility in urban areas rising from
52 per cent in 1990 to 75 per cent by 2006 and
from 26 per cent in 1990 to 51 per cent in
rural areas.
Improve the lives of slum dwellers by 2020
The population living in unplanned peri-
urban settlements has been decreasing as a
proportion of total urban population, as shown
in Figure 4.43, while the urban population has
also been increasing. Therefore the numbers have
been increasing while the proportion has gone
down. Both impact on the extent of slum areas.
About 70 per cent of urban residents inmost cities
inTanzania live in unplanned settlements, slums or
squatter areas. A special programme to upgrade
these unplanned urban settlements is being
implemented in two phases: First is identification
and registration; and second is upgrading
infrastructure and utility services. In addition, plot
surveying and allocation is being done, with about
55 000 plots surveyed and allocated since 2004
(Government of Tanzania 2000-2008).
Figure 4.41
Figure 4.43
Figure 4.42
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
80
70
90
2000
2002
2004
2006
Percentage
Rural
Urban
National
Proportion of population with access
to improved water sources inTanzania
Sources: AfDB 2010
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Percentage
Source: Government ofTanzania 2008
Proportion of populationwith access to
improved sanitation facilities inTanzania
92
90
96
98
100
94
88
1990
2001
Percentage
Proportion of urban dwellers living
in slum conditions in Tanzania
Source: Government ofTanzania 2008