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Environmental Sustainability in Water Resources
Management in Southern Africa, with some
surprising results, as shown in Chapter 2.
Target 7B – Reverse biodiversity loss by 2010
The extent of protected areas is well
documented for most Basin states, although
marine parks have not been included here
as they fall outside the Zambezi River Basin.
The proportion of species threatened with
extinction has been documented and
publicized for many years through the The
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species although
some data for Zambezi basin states is based on
informed estimates as the vast wilderness areas
have not been studied in some countries.
All Zambezi basin states are party to the
international Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD) and all except Angola have ratified the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES).
Target 7C – Access to safe drinking water and
improved sanitation by 2015
Improving acess to safe water and sanitation is
the top priority for all Basin states, and all can
show significant progress in the proportion of
the population using an improved water source
and santiation. This is the target most likely
to be met by the Basin States, and some have
already exceeded the target.
Target 7D – Improve the lives of slum
dwellers by 2020
Some Basin states have made significant
progress in improving the lives and reducing the
population of urban slums, but this remains a
work in progress as urban areas continue to grow.
Six of the Basin states have significant urban areas
within the Zambezi basin. The total population
of the 15 member states of the Southern African
Development Community (SADC) was 267 million
in 2009 (Table 4.2), with about 39 per cent living
in urban areas. Due to the steady increase in the
urban population relative to rural over the past
decade, and with no indication of any disruption
to this trend, it is expected that the urban
population of the SADC region has now reached
over 40 percent. The SADC population at mid-year
in 2010 was 275.8 million, including the eight
Zambezi River Basin states.
Country Profiles
The total population of the eight riparian states
of the Zambezi River was 126.5 million in 2010,
with an estimated 38.2 million people living
in the Zambezi Basin, about 30 per cent of the
total (Table 4.2). The national populations of
Basin states range from the United Republic of
Tanzania with 42 million people to the Republic
of Botswana with 1.8 million (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2. Total National Population of Basin States 2006-2010, and Portion in Basin 2010
* Estimate based on ratios shown in Chapter 1 Table 1.1
Source: Population figures from Chapter 1 of this Atlas
Country
Angola
Botswana
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Total
2006
millions
15.9
1.7
12.8
19.9
2.0
37.5
11.8
12.0
113.6
2007
millions
16.3
1.8
12.9
20.6
2.0
38.3
12.2
12.0
116.1
2008
millions
16.8
1.8
13.1
21.2
2.1
39.5
12.5
12.1
119.1
2009
millions
17.3
1.8
13.5
21.8
2.1
40.7
12.9
12.2
122.3
2010
millions
17.8
1.8
13.9
22.4
2.1
42.0
13.0
13.5
126.5
% in
Basin
3.66
.73
96.67
23.15
3.35
3.92
65.52
67.11
Population in
Basin 2010*
651 480
13 140
13 050 000
5 185 600
70 350
1 646 400
8 517 600
9 059 850
38 194 020
% of Basin
Population
1.70
0.03
34.17
13.58
0.16
4.31
22.33
23.72
100
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Tanzania
Namibia
Mozambique
Malawi
Botswana
Angola
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Forest cover variation, percentage
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Source: FAO 2010
Deforestation in Zambezi basin countries
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Million hectares
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Tanzania
Namibia
Mozambique
Malawi
Botswana
Angola
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Forest cover in Zambezi basin countries
Source: FAO 2010
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2