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APPENDIX
For current information see: 1203
Appendix
Glossary
HAR
Quality mark for a harmonised cable complying with CENELEC HD stand-
ards, issued only by HAR testing bodies, e. g. VDE, USE, BASEC, USE,
SEV.
Hardness
See → Shore
Harmonizing key
→ See Table T6.
HD
Abbreviation for harmonisation document. In the EU, HDs have the
status of a harmonised European standard (like ENs).
Heat of combustion
The temperature or heat released when a cable is burned (see →
Thermal load).
Hertz
Unit of measure for the frequency of an alternating current (in Germany
50 Hz for mains cables).
Hood
The upper section of the housing can have a straight or lateral cable
outlet. The hood can be freely combined with an externally mounted,
surface mounted or coupling housing.
Hood termination
The insides of the end plates are coated with a thermoplastic adhesive.
The end plates are used for sealing pressure monitored, moisture-resistant
cables and tubes with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm.
Hybrid cable
Cable with different transmission media, such as light waveguide, cop-
per conductor, HF conductor.
I
ICEA
Abbreviation for Insulated Cable Engineers′ Association. A sub-commit-
tee of NEMA – USA.
IEC
Abbreviation for International Electrotechnical Commission. Standards
committee for international standardisation of electrical materials and
international commission for standardisation in the electrical engineer-
ing and electronics sector.
Imprinting
Marking of cables using a relief imprint (no colour). This technique is
only possible when the sheath is warm as the marking is impressed into
the material positively or negatively.
Industrial machinery for USA
The following general rules apply to construction and operation of
machinery in the USA: The machinery must comply with federal safety
laws issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(O.S.H.A.: and the applicable national codes (statutory
regulations) at the installation location. Machinery is only classed as
safe if it has been designed and manufactured in compliance with
applicable standards (NFPA 70, NFPA 79….) and its safety has been
tested and declared safe by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
(N.R.T.L.,
Industry 4.0
This term refers to the extensive networking of industry, from office to
field level. In factories – but also for example in logistics – machinery,
workpieces and office infrastructure are networked together and per-
manently exchange information. For this purpose, systems, machinery
and objects are fitted with sensors and controls and are intercon-
nected to form a so-called cyber-physical system (CPS). A CPS can also
receive additional information from the internet. Industrial processes
should thus become more flexible and efficient in future. Machinery,
for example, is expected to switch between different tasks fully auto-
matically and almost in real time, or help installation engineers to carry
out their work flexibly. This means that customised special productions
should be possible without high additional costs. We at the Lapp Group
want to help our customers to implement their own Smart Factory. This
is why we provide them with solutions which enable extensive data
networking within production. We make our products intelligent so that
our customers can increase the productivity and flexibility of their
productions. We also use Industry 4.0 technology in our own value-
creation processes – for example within logistics and production – in
order to increase our efficiency and to offer our customers the best
possible service.
Insertion loss, insertion attenuation
Attenuation caused by inserting an optical component into an optical
transmission system. The attenuation that is caused in an optical trans-
mission system by inserting an optical component, e. g. a plug or a →
coupler.
Insulation
Preventing the passage of electrical currents using non- conductive
materials. Materials are non-conductive (suitable for use as insulators)
if they do not contain conduction electrons or only isolated electrons.
These materials include various plastics, rubber, ceramic, porcelain,
glass, paper, resin. (Insulation in capacitors and radio frequency cables
is referred to as → dielectric).
Insulation resistance
The electrical resistance of a non-metallic material between two elec-
trodes, measured using a DC voltage.
Intensity
Power density at a surface through which radiation penetrates, e.g. at
the radiating surface of a light source or at the cross- sectional area
of a light waveguide (standard unit W/cm 2).
Interactive
Property of two systems to influence one another in order to exchange
messages.
Interbus
At the lowest level of the automation hierarchy model, there are par-
ticular requirements for a communication system. Connection costs,
real time capability and short cycle times are of crucial importance.
The data to be transmitted, normally measured and control values, are
typically only a few bits in length. INTERBUS-S, standardised in DIN E
19258, has a summation frame protocol and is designed specifically to
meet these requirements. With a clock speed of 500 Kbit/s and a net
data rate of approx. 50%, even time-critical controllers can be imple-
mented using a bus system. With around 1,000,000 INTERBUS-S nodes
in use worldwide, the system is one of the leading field bus systems.
In some areas, e. g. networking of frequency converters and drive tech-
nology, it is actually the market leader.