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APPENDIX
For current information see: 1211
Appendix
Glossary
winders, axial winders and barrel winders. Depending on their flexural
loading, tensile strain, torsional strain, design, storage, mechanical
load and transport, cables are individually wrapped and delivered on
drums, bobbins, in coils or barrels.
Talcum
Talcum is a mineral, slightly fatty natural product. It is used in powder
form as a separating agent or lubricant. It is also used when mixed with
mica. When sheathing a strand of cores, to prevent the sheathing
material that is applied when hot from sticking to the core insulation,
the strand is dusted with talcum first. As well as the separating effect,
this greatly reduces the friction between the individual elements of the
cable and thus promotes flexibility and stripping.
Tape
The stranded assembly, comprising several cores, is surrounded by the
tape. Generally, the tape is made from one or several synthetic or
paper band layers.
Tape wrapping
Cables can be wrapped in a variety of different insulating materials.
The tape is always helically wrapped around the cable as the taping
machine operates in a rotary motion and the pull-off movement is
always in a longitudinal direction. Several layers of paper or plastic
tape are wrapped around the cable stranding or the cable core.
TDR
The Time Domain Reflectometry measuring method is used to locate
faults in copper cables. The running time and shape of a reflected pulse
enables the possible location of the fault to be determined relatively
accurately. For PVC insulated cores, this value is approx. 0.541.
Telephone cord
Cables to or in telecommunication devices which have a high flexural
loading or flexibility.
Temperature range
If the specified minimum temperature range is not reached, no
mechanical forces may act on the cable as otherwise the insulation will
break (rigidity of polymer chains). If the maximum temperature is
exceeded, the insulation begins to melt (decomposition of polymer
chains). Important! With every change of temperature, the resistance
of the conductor also changes.
Tensile load
The maximum force with which a cable can be loaded under defined
conditions.
Test voltage
The voltage applied to a test specimen to demonstrate a particular
electrical strength.
Tex
The fineness of fibres is determined using the “fineness in Tex” system.
This is a physical variable. 1 Tex = a fibre that has a mass of 1g at
a length of 1000 m. Example: Polyester silk has a rating of 7 Tex =
1000 m of silk weighs 7 g.
Thermal splice
A thermal splice is a connection between light waveguides created
by fusing the ends of the conductors.
Thermoplastics, thermoplastic materials
Thermoplastics are non-cross linked macromolecular compounds.
By heating, it is possible to transfer them repeatedly to a plastic condi-
tion. They are primarily used for sheathing and insulation of cables.
Thomson measuring bridge for resistance measurement
Primarily used to measure very low resistances. The measuring range
is between 10-6 and one Ohm. It is independent of voltage changes.
The measured result is not falsified by the resistance of the measuring
lead and other transition resistances (see also → Electrical resistance).
Tight buffer tube
Fibre type used in light waveguides, with a solid plastic layer attached
directly to the outer glass.
Tin
Tin is used for tin plating copper wires.
Torsion
Twisting of the cable about the longitudinal axis. VDE0298, Part 300,
Section 5.4.4: Flexible cables are not generally intended for torsional
loads. In cases where this kind of torsional load cannot be avoided, the
construction of the cable and the type of installation must be agreed
between the user and the cable manufacturer.
Tracer thread
A thread whose structure, colour or colour combination is registered
and protected as a trademark by a cable manufacturer. It provides informa-
tion about the manufacturer of the relevant cables (at Lapp, the colour
is ochre yellow).
Train signal cable
Designed for voltages up to 600 V. Depending on their purpose, the
cores are twisted in fours or layers. They are PE insulated. Because of
the strong electromagnetic fields on railways, an effective copper
screen and steel tape armouring must be fitted under the outer sheath.
Transceiver
This is the active component of an Ethernet LAN for connection of termi-
nals to the electrical bus cable with collision detection and signal adap-
tation functions. Transceiver is a combination of the words transmitter
and receiver. The transceiver performs transmitting, monitoring, recep-
tion and interference functions.
Transfer impedance
Measure for the quality of the screening, defined as the ratio of the
voltage along the screening in the system subject to interference to the
current of the system causing the interference. The transfer imped-
ance (coupling resistance) is the key variable for the quality of the
screen and depends on the frequency. It is the ratio of the voltage drop
along a screen on the side with interference (outside) to the interfer-
ence current on the other side (inside) of the screen. The coupling
resistance is determined by the construction of the screen, the skin
effect and the capacitive coupling.
Transfer rate
The frequency at which the level of the transmission function of a light
waveguide has reduced to half of its value at a frequency of zero, i. e.
at which the signal attenuation has increased by 3 dB. As the transmis-
sion bandwidth of a light waveguide is approximately the reciprocal of
its length (mode mixing), the bandwidth/length product is often specified
as a quality feature.