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APPENDIX
For current information see: 1213
Appendix
Glossary
VDEW
Abbreviation for Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke [Association
of German Electricity Plants].
Velocity of propagation
Transmission speed of the electrical energy in a length of the cable
compared to the light speed in free space. Usually expressed as
a percentage.
Volt
Electrical unit of measure for voltage. 1 Volt is the voltage produced by
a current of 1 A with a resistance of 1 Ohm. Voltage = Resistance x
Current
Volt meter
Instrument for measuring voltage.
Voltage-level classes
We refer to four voltage levels. Everything that is < 1000 Volt (< 1 kV)
belongs to the low voltage class. Voltages > 1 kV are classed as high
voltage. In practice (no statutory specification), the high voltage class
is divided into: Medium voltage 1 kV – 30 kV, high voltage 50 kV –
150 kV, extremely high voltage 150 kV – 400 kV. There are several
different voltage levels within these classes.
Voltage, tension
Electrical unit of measure, measured in Volts, i. e. Voltage = Resistance
x Current.
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
Ratio of the transmitted signal voltage to the reflecting signal voltage
measured along the transmission path.
Vulcanising
Technological process in which temperature, pressure and the use of
sulphur compounds, for example, cause the molecules in rubber to
form cross linkages. It is this process that gives rubber its permanent
elasticity and makes it suitable for industrial use (see → Cross linking).
W
Wall thickness
The thickness of the insulation or sheath.
WAN
WAN is the abbreviation for Wide Area Network. This is a large network,
which can extend worldwide. WANs normally connect LANs (Local Area
Networks) via telephone cables. Routers and gateways connect the
LANs using different technologies. WAN is a wide area transmission
network for connecting distance users to a central network using pub-
lic cables.
Watt
Electrical unit of measure for power V x A = Watts (VA).
Wave lengths
Length of a full wave oscillation (period). In optical signal technology,
three wavelength ranges are normally used – 850 nm, 1300 nm and
1550 nm.
Waveguide dispersion
The dispersion that occurs with non-monochromatic light sources
because the a/l relationship and, as a result, field distribution and
group speeds of the modes in a light waveguide are wave dependent
(a is the core radius, l is the light wavelength). In practice, waveguide
dispersion always acts in conjunction with material dispersion; its
overall effect is referred to as chromatic dispersion.
Wear resistance
The characteristic of a cable, wire or material to withstand surface
wear.
WEEE directive
Under electrical and electronic equipment legislation (ElektroG in
Germany), the WEEE directive governs the withdrawal of electrical and
electronic products.
Wire drawing
Cold forming process, in which a sequence of increasingly small draw-
ing dies (carbide cores or diamonds) gradually reduce the cross-sec-
tion of pressed wire or wire rod.
Wire termination technique
Depending on the application, different wire termination methods can
be chosen. Where ease of service and maintenance is required, a
screw fitting is used. If large numbers of plug connectors with a reliable
connection method are required, crimping is the best choice. A cage
clamp combines ease of service with reliable wire termination,
although the space required per contact for the wire termination is the
highest of all the methods described here.
Wire–wrap connection
This is an electrical connection made without soldering. The contact is
made by wrapping a bare copper wire around a square rod made of
bronze, brass or silver under high tension (also known as cold welding).
Wiring cable
Cable for wiring equipment, control cabinets etc.
Wiring system
Wiring systems are made up of a variety of individual elements, such
as cable sheathing, contact plugs, connector shells, seals, fixing ele-
ments, etc. In a car, the wiring system connects the electromechanical
and electrical components and guarantees the transmission of infor-
mation from and between the control units, as well as for the supply of
energy to the consumers (engine, relay, lighting, etc.).
Working current, service current
The maximum permissible current that may be transmitted.
Woven cable
Several conductors running parallel which are held together using
a thin sheath. See also → Flat cable.
Z
Zinc
In the cable industry, galvanised steel tape or steel wire are used as the
armouring material (→ Armouring) to protect against corrosion.
ZVEH
Abbreviation for Zentralverband der Deutschen Elektrohandwerke e.V.
[Central Association of German Electrical Trades] (Germany).
ZVEI
Abbreviation for Zentralverband der Elektrotechnik- und Elektronik
Industrie e.V. [Central Electrical Engineering and Electronics Industry
Association] (Germany).