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APPENDIX

For current information see:

www.lappgroup.com

1212

Appendix

Glossary

Transmission function

A light waveguide acts as a low-pass filter for the signals to be trans-

mitted. While only continuous wave attenuation is important for low

signal frequencies (see also → Attenuation), higher signal frequencies

are also attenuated as a result of the dispersion in the light waveguide.

The transmission function of a light waveguide makes this a complex

issue; however the phase distortion is normally so low that it is suffi-

cient to specify the figure for the function.

Transmitter, optical

Assembly for converting electrical signals into optical signals. It con-

sists of a transmission diode with connecting fibre, plug and driver

amplifier and other electronic circuits. Particularly in laser diodes,

a photodiode with control amplifier is required for monitoring and stabi-

lising the radiated power. In many cases, a temperature sensor and a

Peltier cooler are also required to stabilise the operating temperature.

Where possible, the main components of the transmitter are normally

combined into a compact sub-unit known as the transmission module.

Triaxial cable

Three-conductor cable that is made up of three connected axes.

It consists of one conductor in the centre, the second conductor con-

centric around the first and the third conductor is isolated from the first

two, normally by insulation, a braid and an outer sheath.

Trimming

Cables are reeled at standard lengths of, for example, 50 m, 100 m and

500 m on cable drums or coils (single cores) and placed in storage.

Should a customer require a length shorter than the standard length,

the cable is cut to size. The customer is then charged for this adjust-

ment.

TTP

Time Triggered Protocol systems in data technology communicate continu-

ously at predefined time intervals. The bandwidth is 5 Mbit/s asynchro-

nous and 25 Mbit/s synchronous (see also CAN bus system).

Tube cable

Coaxial carrier frequency cable with copper inner conductor, PE discs

as spacers, a tube-shaped bend copper tape as the outer conductor

and a lead or aluminium sheath. They are used as long-distance cables

for transmission of TV signals and communications.

Twist protection

Protection of light waveguide connectors against twisting. Without this

protection, the end faces of the light waveguide would be next to one

another and become scratched, significantly increasing attenuation.

Type test

Test to be performed periodically that includes all parameters that can

influence the result. This test must be performed again if advance-

ments or new developments have been made or the material, technol-

ogy or design has been changed. The frequency of type tests is set out

in legislation, contracts or operationally.

Abbreviation for Underwriters Laboratories. American testing body,

similar to the VDE in Germany.

UL Approbation for cable glands

Approval is particularly required if the machinery or system in which

the cable gland has been used is to be exported to the USA. Approval

is granted after a test complying with UL 514B and is confirmed by

a certificate. The number of this certificate is known as the “file num-

ber” (e. g. E 79903).

UL listing mark for listed cables & wires

Cables intended for use as fixed wiring in buildings used for residential,

commercial or industrial purposes. Listed cables not only have to meet

individual UL product standards, but must also comply with the rele-

vant articles of the National Electrical Code (NEC). Listed cables and

wires can be used both for factory wiring of electrical equipment,

devices, appliances and machines as well as for field wiring of industrial

machinery and systems in accordance with NFPA 79. Approval marking

on the product: (UL) = UL Listing mark.

UL recognition mark for AWM cables and wires

Appliance wiring material or “AWM” comprises cables intended solely

for use in factory-wired electrical equipment, devices, appliances, con-

trol cabinets and industrial machinery as part of a “listed assembly”.

AWM is not intended for field wiring purposes. Cables with UL AWM

style labelling must be used for the applications stipulated by the indi-

vidual style designation.

Ultraviolet radiation

This invisible radiation is the section of the electromagnetic spectrum

that is next to the visible range (UV radiation).

Underground cable

Cables are often designated according to their usage conditions. Under-

ground telecommunication cables include outdoor cables designed to be

routed underground.

Unit conductor of power cables

Unit conductors are solely used as large conductors, from approx.

400 square millimetres. In order to reduce the large amount of heat

required during welding, the bundles are separated into subconductors

during assembly and rejoined again in a new stranding procedure.

Unit cores of fiberoptic cables

Several coated fibre optic cables lightly undulating and loose in small

plastic pipes which are filled with Vaseline or swelling powder.

Unit of wires

Bare wire bundles are the initial product for copper strands. They are

also used as copper strands in wire screens (non-insulated product).

UTE

Abbreviation for Union Technique de l’Electricité (France).

Vagrancy currents

Currents that do not flow through the electrical mains (L1, L2, L3, N)

are referred to as vagrancy currents.

VDE

Abbreviation for Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker e.V., [German

Electrical Engineering Federation], VDE testing and certification insti-

tute – VDE testing body.

VDE Approbation for cable glands

Approval is granted after a test complying with DIN/EN 50262 and

is confirmed by an approval certificate,