Front Cover |
1 |
Contents |
5 |
Hinterkaspien |
6 |
Introduction and executive summary |
7 |
The Caspian region |
13 |
Overview |
15 |
Recent transitions |
18 |
Striving for energy security |
20 |
An area of geopolitical importance |
25 |
Changing livelihoods in the eastern Caspian region |
29 |
Natural capital, energy resources, and wealth distribution |
30 |
New opportunities or a gloomy outlook? |
34 |
Environmental degradation and security |
41 |
Environmental consequences of oil and gas development |
42 |
Legacy of the military-industrial complex |
50 |
Freshwater |
55 |
Marine resources and biodiversity |
58 |
Fluctuating sea level and natural hazards |
62 |
Conclusions |
67 |
Conclusions and recommendations |
67 |
Possible actions under the Environment and Security Initiative |
72 |
Annex |
73 |
Bibliography and references |
74 |
Endnotes |
82 |
Back Cover |
88 |