( )
(
)
( )
[
]
[
]
1
1
∑
=
−
− Θ =
i
N
j
p i
H
i
j
i
H
i
j
i
i
D d D d
N
f
x
x
( )
(
)
( )
[
]
[
]
1
1
∑
=
−
− Θ =
i
N
j
p
i
j
i
L
i
j
i
L
i
i
d D d D
N
f
x
x
General Form of an
Objective Function: The norm factor p
The Norm Factor
p
p
= 0
: Volume counting for deviation
1
: Linear weight proportional to deviation
2
: Variance (square-weighted) based Objective Function
Inverse Optimisation and Planning
(2000 – today)
Low-Objective
D
L
High-Objective
D
H




