Publication Name

The construction of a large number of dams and in-

dustrial facilities on the rivers feeding the Caspian

has caused a significant change in the quantity of

water inflow. The creation of a succession of large

reservoirs, especially on the lower and middle Volga,

has led to significant losses in flow rate due to ad-

ditional evaporation from the surface of the water.

Coupled with unsustainable water consumption,

in particular in connection with irrigation, the river

flow rate is now only 10 % of the natural levels.

Uncertainty regarding future variations

in the sea level is holding back the devel-

opment of many coastal zones suitable

for holiday amenities or the construction

of ports. It also complicates further off-

shore oil prospecting, currently expand-

ing in the north-east corner of the sea,

off the coasts of Kazakhstan and Russia.

The very shallow water in this part poses

problems of access and safety.

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