106 / 148
92
Mozambique borders the Indian Ocean to
the east and its climate is generally tropical,
although precipitation varies widely from north
to south and from the coast to the inland areas.
Drought in the southern regions and prolonged
civil war that ended in 1992 led to significant
migration to coastal and urban areas, which
continue to grow by more than four per cent
per year (Government of Mozambique 2010).
Progress towards environmental
sustainability
Reverse the loss of environmental resources
Extreme weather events such as droughts,
floods and cyclones frequently strike
Mozambique, exacerbating water and sanitation
problems, destroying crops, threatening food
security and human health, and damaging the
environment. In 2000 the worst floods in over
50 years due to Cyclone Eline destroyed
140 000 hectares of crops and affected millions
people (SARDC and HBS 2010). Mozambique’s
geographical location has resulted in the
occurrence of floods and environmentally
related diseases such as malaria and cholera
which pose a threat to human health. However,
the prevalence and death rates associated with
Mozambique
Total Area of Country
Portion of Country within Zambezi Basin
National Population in 2010
Portion of National Populationwithin Zambezi Basin
Important Environmental Issues
799 390 sq km
163 800 (20.5%)
22.4 million
5 185 600 (23.15%)
• Water access and extremeweather events
• Land use
• Protecting wildlife and forests
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003
2008
2009
2015
Percentage
Prevalence and death rates associated
with malaria in Mozambique
Source: Government of Mozambique 2009
Figure 4.23
Marrupa
Montepuez
Pemba
Mocimboa
Nacala
Mocambique
Nampula
Angoche
Mocuba
Nicuadala
Quelimane
Dondo Beira
Vilanculos
Inhambana
Panda
Quissico
Xai-Xai
Macia
MAPUTO
Ligonha
Cuamba
Lichinga
Tete
Moatize
Chiramba
Chimoio
Massangena
Mapai
Espungabera
Mutare
Manica
Luangwa
Chiromo
Nsanje
Matola
Komatipoort
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
MALAWI
BOTSWANA
SOUTH AFRICA
MOZAMBIQUE
TANZANIA
Z
A
M
B
E
Z
I
R
I
V
E
R
B
A
S
I
N
L
I
M
I
T
Lake
Niassa
L
i
m
p
o
p
o
Z
a
m
b
e
z
i
L
i
g
o
n
h
a
L
i
c
u
n
g
o
L
u
r
i
o
R
u
v
u
m
a
Elevation
Metres above
sea-level
0
200
500
1 000
3 000
2 000
1 500