109 / 148
95
72.0
71.5
73.0
73.5
74.0
72.5
71.0
1990
2001
Percentage
Proportion of urban dwellers living
in slum conditions in Mozambique
Source: UNEP 2008
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
rural
urban
rural
urban
Percentage
Access to clean water and improved
sanitation in Mozambique
Source: Government of Mozambique 2009
1997 2003 2007 2009
Clean water
Improved sanitation
The elephant count showed a population of
14 000 in 2006 and this figure is increasing as
more areas are studied, although the range area
has been shrinking (SADC and SARDC 2008)
before the development of the Mozambique-
Tanzania elephant corridor.
Access to safe drinking water and improved
sanitation by 2015
The proportion of the population with access to
safe drinking water has increased significantly
to 56 per cent in 2009, from 37.3 per cent in
1997. The national target for 2015 is 70 per cent.
The proportion of the population with access to
improved sanitation has increased from40 per cent
in 2003 to 45 per cent in 2009, with a target of
50 per cent for 2015. Thus, Mozambique is likely
to meet the 2015 targets for access to water and
sanitation (Figure 4.28).
Improve the lives of slum dwellers by 2020
The 15-year conflict from 1977-1992, and
drought in some regions, caused significant
migration to coastal and urban areas, which
have continued to grow by more than four
per cent per year although the war ended
20 years ago. Many people from rural areas
joined other family members in the cities, thus
expanding the overcrowded peri-urban areas.
This trend is slowly being reversed through the
development of amenities in rural areas as well
as programmes to help families to resettle in
their home areas.
Although slum areas have increased slightly
as a proportion of urban population as shown
in Figure 4.29, the pressure on urban amenities
is largely due to the general increase in urban
population.
Figure 4.29
Figure 4.28
Cahora Bassa Dam at night.
© Candice Bate,
WWF