92 / 232
92 |
Ten Year Network Development Plan 2015
0
20
40
60
80
%
0
200
400
600
bcma
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
Production
Demand
Export / Production
Figure 5.31:
Natural gas production of Russia (source BP Statistical Review 2014)
5.3.2 PIPELINE IMPORTS
Pipeline imports represent the main way to import gas into Europe. Considering the
reasonable distance between many producing countries and the European consum-
ers, pipelines represent an economical way to import gas. Upstream investments in
these neighbouring countries will be a key factor in driving new production dedicated
to Europe. It will support not only new exploration but also new technical solutions
enhancing recovery of existing fields. This will enable the production of the most
challenging reserves and their export to Europe by pipeline. To see this potential
materialize Europe needs to give long term and robust signal on the role of gas.
Otherwise there is a risk of reduction of surrounding gas reserves or their production
and export to other destinations through LNG. In addition a change in the share of
sources or the introduction of new ones may require some adaptation of the
European gas infrastructures.
5.3.2.1 Russia
Russia is currently the main gas supplier of the EU, providing an average daily delivery
of 4,344 GWh/d representing 1,586 TWh (146bcm) in 2013. It is expected to remain
a major import source on the whole time horizon of this Report. Beyond the usual
uncertainty related to production, European market could be on the medium term in
competition with Russian demand and other export destinations such as China.
Reserves
Russia has the second largest proven gas reserves in the world behind Iran with
31,300 bcm at the end of 2013
1)
. In the last decade the proved gas reserves of
Russia slightly increased (+5% between 2000 and 2013). Most of the reserves are
located in Siberia with Urengoy, Yamburg and Medvezhye being the largest fields.
Production
In 2013, Russia was the second largest natural gas producer of the world behind the
United States with 688bcma. In the period 2003 – 2013 the natural gas production
of Russia was around 600bcma. The only exception was in 2009 with a decrease
that could be linked to the economic down-turn and the Ukraine transit disruption.
As a difference with Norway, Russia has its own domestic demand that can influ-
ence its export potential. This internal demand of Russia remains stable around
400bcma.
1) BP statistical review of world energy 2014.