14 / 15
264
DISCUSSION
substantive policy issues. (e) Finally, rational practical choice requires
not only democracy and public participation but also enlightenment
and technical, socio-economic knowledge. Although democracy and
enlightenment do not lead to consensus on substantive issues, they may
well lead to a methodological consensus upon the issues of legitimacy
and peaceful strategies of conflict resolution.
NOTES
1 See T. Parsons,
The Structure of SocialAction,
1949, Free Press, pp. 43--86.
2 A historieist rejection of the definition of instrumental rationality in terms of scien-
tific knowledge can be found in P. Winch,
The Idea of a Social Science,
1958,
Routledge and Kegan Paul.
3 An example of the rejection of the possibility of practical rationality may be found in:
M. Weber,
The Methodology of Social Sciences,
1949, Free Press, pp. 50--57.
4 A recent work emphasizing the non-rationalistic theory of practical rationality is J. C.
Alexander's
Theoretical Logic in Sociology: Positivism Presuppositions, and Current
Controversies,
1982, University of California Press, pp. 64-- 126.
5 A brief discussion of Luhman's technocratic theory can be found in: F. W. Sixel, 'The
Problem of Sense: Habermas vs. Luhman' in J. O'Neill (ed.),
On Critical Theory,
1976,
Continuum Books, pp. 184--205.
6 Such a synthesis is exemplified in J. Habermas,
The Theory of Communicative
Action,
1984, Beacon Press.
7 I. Kant,
Critique of Pure Reason,
1964, Macmillan & Co.
8 j. Habermas,
Legitimation Crisis,
1975, Beacon Press, pp. 107--8.
9 j. Habermas,
Knowledge and Human Interests,
1971, Beacon Press, pp. 113--160.
10 See, for example, C. L6vi-Strauss,
The Savage Mind,
1966, University of Chicago
Press, pp. 245--270.
11 j. Habermas, 1971, pp. 161--186.
12
Ibid.,
pp. 246--273.
13 L. Althusser,
ForMarx,
1979, Verso, pp. 231--356.
14 j. Habermas, 1971, pp. 91--139.
a5 Ibid.,pp.
161--186.
16 Ibid.,
pp. 161--165.
17
Ibid.,
pp. 274--300
18 j. Habermas, 1971, pp. 189--213.
19 L. Althusser, 'Freud and Laean',
New Left Review,
No. 55, May--June 1960, pp.
48--66.
2o See M. Merleau-Ponty,
Phenomenology of Perception,
1962, Routledge and Kegan
Paul, pp. 174--202.
21 j. Habermas,
Communication and the Evolution of Society,
1979, Beacon Press, pp.
1--68.
22
Ibid.,
pp. 59--68.
23
IBM.,
pp. 41--68.
24
Ibid.,
pp. 95--129.