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in September 2015. The construction of the old town bypass is planned. The Road

Laboratory of the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways is located

in Mokronos Dolny near Wroclaw. Wroclaw is an important railway node. The most

important passenger station is Wroclaw Main Railway Station. In contrast, Wroclaw

Brochow station is the second largest freight station in Poland, and Wroclaw Gądow

station is a major freight station as well. The city is the host for the international airport

Wroclaw-Strachowice (Copernicus Airport Wroclaw) operated by LOT Polish Airlines,

Lufthansa, Germanwings, Ryanair, Wizz Air and SAS. About 11 kilometres from the

city centre, there is Wroclaw-Szymanow Airport, and about 25 km to the southwest

from the city centre there is Miroslawice Private Airport.

Urban public transport in Wroclaw makes use of twenty-two permanent tram

lines. The extensive tram network is one of the biggest in the country and is maintained

by the Wroclaw Municipal Transport Company. Bus transport in the city is also

mainly provided by them (58 daytimes and 13 night routes), while the routes between

Wroclaw and neighbouring municipalities are serviced by Polbus-PKS, DLA, Sevibus,

Trako, Marco Polo and several other smaller private operators. On 1

October 2013,

a cable car across the Oder River was opened, and its role is to connect the buildings of

Wroclaw University of Technology at Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego with the buildings of the

educational and research complex Geocentrum at Na Grobli. The crossing operates all

year round. In Wroclaw there are approximately 240 km of cycle lanes. In June 2011,

the self-service bicycle rental network was launched, the so-called Wroclaw City Bike.

In the city, there are active taxi companies as well. [24]

According to a comprehensive traffic study conducted in 2010–2011:

• The number of vehicles entering and exiting fromWroclaw during the day is

190,000.

• The share of motor transport in all journeys is 41.56%, public transport

35.26%, bicycles 3.56%, pedestrians 18.69%, other 0.93%.

Current, disadvantages of ITS in Wroclaw:

• The lack of a comprehensive ITS system approach in terms of urban development

ideas and strategies for the development of the city’s transport system.

• The cost of the system compared with the effects (approx. 110 million zloty

[€28 million]).

• A reckless approach to many issues associated with the construction of the

ITS system, e.g. the implementation of the concept of a “fast tram”, with

priority passage through intersections, in practice adversely affected the flow

and reliability of public bus transport; buses and other vehicles were stopped

by priority passing trams.

• Lack of connections or coordination of ITS system with other concepts, e.g.

development of the suburban railway network.

• Not fully automated by restrictions imposed by administrative decisions

which control the traffic light cycle time signalling.