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Image courtesy of Reganosa
Figure 6.13 on the following double page informs in more details the situation across
Europe for the different supply sources.
Regarding LNG, the diversification is triggered starting from countries having a di-
rect access to LNG. Figure 6.13 indicates that Greece and the Baltics can fully ben-
efit from a low LNG price, but are also constrained in sharing this low price benefits
with neighbours. The same is visible for the Iberian Peninsula towards the North.
The area composed of Ireland, United Kingdom, France, Luxemburg and Belgium
has a good level of diversification to LNG which can be shared up to a certain extent
with countries further east. The lower level of diversification for Italy and the Nether-
lands, which also have direct access to LNG, reflects the fact that interconnections
allow them to share this LNG and associated low price benefits within a wide area.
The same analysis can be done on Figure 6.13 for the other supply sources. For the
Russian supply, the benefit of a low Russian price is the highest for countries hav-
ing Russian gas as their main supply, and fades progressively for countries further
west. The Iberian Peninsula is the area with the lowest benefit of a low Russian price.
In terms of Norwegian supply the benefit of a low price is rather evenly distributed
among a number of European countries, indicating that between those countries
there are no infrastructure limitations to the commercial access to this source. There
are noticeable exceptions to this evenly distribution for the Baltic States and Finland,
and to a lesser extent for the Iberian Peninsula and the area composed of Bulgaria,
Greece and FYROM. This indicates local infrastructure limitations.
In the case of Algerian gas, infrastructures in Italy allow Slovenia and Croatia to sig-
nificantly benefit from this source.
Finally, in the case of indigenous production, in 2017, local infrastructure limitations
prevent Ireland, Croatia and Romania to share their production with neighbouring
countries. This is lifted from 2020 for Ireland and Croatia, thanks to projects com-
missioned by this date, but remains for Romania for the full time horizon.