108 / 288
108 |
Ten-Year Network Development Plan 2017 Main Report
0
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
1,400
1,600
1,800
TWh/y
0
80
40
120
160
180
60
20
100
140
bcm
2009
2010
2011
2013
2015
2014
2012
AT
BE
CZ
FI
FR
DE
GR
HU
IT
NL
PL
TR
Other EU
SK
Figure 3.17:
Russian natural gas trade movements by pipeline (Source: BP statistical reviews 2010–2016)
Exports
Gas is exported to Europe through three main pipelines:
\\
Nord Stream:
Twin offshore pipeline across the Baltic Sea with the first line estab-
lished in 2011, and the second one in 2012. It transmits gas along 1,220km
between Vyborg (Russia) and Greifswald (Germany) and has an annual capacity of
around 55bcma.
\\
Yamal-Europe I
: Entered in operation in 1994 and transmits gas along 2,000km to
Poland and Germany via Belarus. Its annual capacity is around 33bcma.
\\
Brotherhood (Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod pipeline):
Entered into operation in 1967
and is the largest gas pipeline route from Russia to Slovakia. Transiting through
Ukraine, it brings gas to Central and Western European countries as well as South-
ern East Europe countries to finally end up in Turkey. The total annual capacity of
the Brotherhood is around 100bcma
1)
.
Other export gas pipelines of Russia bring gas to other markets:
\\
Blue Stream:
A 1,210km-long gas offshore pipeline directly connecting Russia to
Turkey across the Black Sea. It came on line in 2003 and its annual capacity is
around 16bcma.
\\
North Caucasus:
Carries Russian gas to Georgia and Armenia and its annual capac-
ity is around 10bcma.
\\
Gazi-Magomed-Mozdok:
it traverses 640km through Russia and Azerbaijan. Initial-
ly this pipeline was used to export Russian gas to Azerbaijan, but it has been
reversed and from 2010 it can carry 6bcma of gas from Azerbaijan to Russia.
In the last five years the largest recipients of Russian gas exports via pipeline in the
European Union were Germany and Italy. In 2015, these two countries accounted for
half of the Russian imports into the EU. Outside the European Union the largest recipi-
ents of Russian gas were Turkey and Belarus.
1) According to Gazprom Export website