Мастера архитектуры • Илья Голосов

The book is devoted to I. A. Golosov (1883-1945), one of the greatest soviel archit.ects, who made a major contri bution into establishm ent and development o( modern architecture and had a clearly expressed crea tive credo. I. Golosov's years of lrainiug and his first original works are descri bed. The ma.star's works in tbe spirit of neoclassics in which he a ttempt ed to simplify the forms o( the neoclassica l order are analyzed. I. Golosov's role as the leader of the origi– nal crea tive school within the framewo1·k of symbolic aud ro– mantic searc hes is disclosed. A detailed analysis is made of lhe master 's lheory for con– str uction of architeclural organisms and the closely r elat ed theory of movement iu architecture th at became the basis for the creative schoo l headed by him in the 20s and early 30s. A coustruclivist stage in I. Golosov's ct·oativc work is dis-– cussed when he succeeded in competitions and was regarded oven as one of thi s movement 's leaders. I. Golosov's role in development of socially new types of residenti al and public building s is considered in detail: commu – ne hou se, housin g combin e, House of Soviets, Palace of Labor, etc. The book pr esents an analysis of the architect's departur e from constructivism (the 30s) and his participation in discus – sion on the attitude to the use of the architectural her itage of the past in modern projects. His projects of the mid-30s are as– sessed as post-cons tructivi s t ones - the reconstructed order forms are used in them along with classical compositional techniques. The book tells about the architect's last projects (monu– mouts aud a pan th eon lo those fallen in the Great Patriotic War), about his unfinished book on probl ems of architectural composition. I. Golosov's unfin ished man uscript (the 20s-early 30s) tha t has never been published befor e is given as a supplem ent to the book where a systematized account of his theory of const– ructing architectural organis ms is presented . .

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TOpa npH3Hi!eTCJI

nHWb

8 o6nacTH

XYAO>KeCTBeHHOrO

o6pua.

OAHaKO

C8ll3YIOLLIHM 388HOM M8>KAY . q>yHKL\ HOHanbHO-KOHCTPYKTHBHOH

0CH080H

coopy–

>KeHHll H ero XYAO>KeCT88HHblM

o6pa30M

llBnlleTCll

He npocTO

4BTOM4TH'l8CKH

nony'laeMall

T8Op'18CKall KOHL\801,\HJI apXHT8KTJPHOl'i ca,opMw . Ha

«npaBAHUlll»

q>opMa,

a onpeAeneHHall

6a3e OAHOH H TOH >Ke q>yHKL\HOHanbHO-KOHCTPYKTHBHOH

OCHOBbl MO>KeT 803HH KHYTb (H 803-

HHKaeT) MHO>KeCTBO pa3nH'IHblX

CHCTeM apXHT8KTYPHblX

q>opM. 3THM

8 3H4'1HTenbHOH

CTe–

neHH H onpeAenlleTCJI

OpHrHHanbHOCTb

H caMOCTOllTenbHOCTb

pa3nH'IHblX

Te'leHHH

H WKOn

coapeMeH HOH apXHTeKTypbt.

6e3 pa3pa60TaHHOH

caoeo6pa3HOH

KOH4en4HH

q>opMbt n106oe

opHrHH!I0bHH'laHH8

8 aonpocax

q>opMoo6pa3084HHll

OCTaeTCll CTHOH3il4H8H,

Ti!K Ki!K nOA06-

Hble «nOHCKH» 88AYTCJI Ha OCHOBe q>OpM, C03A4HHblX

APYrHMH,

All e1.1.1e K TOMy >Ke '14CTO

3K08KTH 'l8 CKH 3aHMCTBOBaHHblX

H3 pa3nH'IHblX

XYAO>K8CTBeHHO-KOMn03H4HOHHblX

CHCTeM.

B COBeTCKOH apXHTeKType

B 20-e r OAbl

aenHCb HHTeHCHBHble q>opManbH0-3CTeTH'leCKHe

noHCKH: apXHT8KTOpb t C03AaaanH

XYAO>KeCT88HHbl8

o6pa3bl

Ha OCH088 OpHrHHanbHblX

T80p–

K. MenbHHKOB,

11. JleOHHAOB,

11. OMHH,

'18CKHX KOH4en4HH - A. BeCHHH,

H. JlaAOBCKHH,

Jl. JlHCH4KHH H AP· CpeAH

C03AaTeneH

opHrHHanbHOH

KOH4en4HH

q>opMbl

n0'18TH08

M8CTO

H 11. ronocoa,

npH'18M

8 OT0H'IHe OT MHOrHX APYrHx He TOnbKO a ero np oeKTax;

apXHTeKTOpoa

ero

T80p'le–

3aHHMaeT

11. ronocoa

aecb–

CK08 KpeAo

Hawno

oTpa>KeHHe

TeopeTH'l8CKH

Ma nOAp06HO

H o6cTOJIT80bHO

H3nO>KHn CBOIO KOH4en4Hto

q>opMbl.

3THM o6CTOllT80bCT80M

8 3Hi!'IHT8nbHOH

CTeneHH 061>J1CHJl8TCJI H TO 6onbW08

MeCTO, KOTOpoe 0TBeA8HO

B npeAna–

11. ro –

raeMOH

'IHT4T8nto

KHHre paccMOTp8HHIO

T80p8TH'l8CKOH

'14CTH TBOp'leCKOrO

KpeAO

nocoaa.

B H4CT0JII.Llee apeMJI, Ha'IHHall c cepeAHHbl

70-x r0A0B,

KOrAa

B coae TCK0H apXHT8KType

o6ocTpHnHCb

T80p'leCKHe

npo6neMbl,

C8ll34HHbl8

C pa3pa60TKOH

apXHT8KTYPHO-XYA0>Kecr–

B8HH0ro

06pa3a

rop0A0B,

3A4HHH H 4HCaM6neH,

6onbW08

3H!l'leHH8

npH06peTaeT

H4Cn8AH8

C0B8TCKOH apXHTeKTYPbl,

oco6eHHO

Tex ee MllCTepoa,

B TB0p'18CKOH

K0H4en4 HH KOT0pblX

XYA0>KeCTBeHHble

npo6neMb l q>opM006pa3oa a HHJ1 HrpanH

6onbwy10

ponb.

l1nbll

ronocoa

0TH0CHTCJI HM8HH0 K TeM MaCTepaM,

03HaK0MneHHe

C TB0p'leCKHM

0nblT0M

KOTOpblX n0M0-

>K8T coaeTCKHM

apXHTeKT0p!IM

6onee

yrny6neHHO

pa6orarb

Hi!A XYAO>K8CTBeHH0H

q>opMOH,

BHHM4HHe

HM8HH0 K TB0p'lecray

ronocoaa

H4CTOJII.Llee apeMll

061>J1CHJ1eTCJI H T8M, 'IT0

8

OH yMen

8 p a3 nH'IH0H CTHnHCTH'leCKOH rpaKT0BKe

coxpaHHTb

CB0IO TB0p'leCKYIO

K0H4en4Hto

q>opM006pa3oaaHHll,

C03AIIBaTb

Bb1pa3HTenbHbl8

B XYA0>K8CTB8HH0M

OTHOW8HHH

np0H3Be –

A8HHll, no3T0MY

ocaoeHH8

ero TB0p'18CK0ro

HacneAHll

He CBJl311H0 C 311HMCTB0BaHHeM BHew–

H8CTHnHCTH'l8CKHX

q>opM H npHeMOB,

a 3IICTi!BnlleT

coapeMeHH0rO

apxHT8KT0pa

BHA8Tb rny-

6HHHbl8 q>opM006p a3yl0 11.\He OCH0Bbl npoq>eccHoHanH3Ma . npH HllnHCaHHH KHHrH 6blnH HCnonb30BaHbl

MH0r0 'I HCneHHble

paHee

HHK0rAa

He ny6-

0HK0BIIBWH8Cll

MIIT8pHanb l (npOeKTbl,

PYKOOHCH, A0KYM8HTbl

H T. A,), xpaHJII.LIH8Cll

8 l.leHT–

B ApXHT8KTypHOM

Ka6HH8Te

panbH0M

rocyAapcraeHHOM

apxHae

nHTepaTypbl

H HCKYCCTBa,

l.leHrpanbHOro

,D.oMa apXHT8KT0pa,

8 rocyAapCTB8HHOM

HIIY'IH0-HccneA0BaTenbCK0M

Mylee

8

H. ronocoaa

HM, A. B. l..Llyceaa,

a apxHae

apxHTeKTYPbl

H AP,

1. rOAbl Y4E6bl . nEPBblE CAMOCTOHTEnbHblE PA60Tbl

Eufe cryiJenTOM A 'lY6CT606a/l, C1'11,0lmOCTb 1' pUMCl>OU apxure1>r ype u orpuz fare11,1,11,o oniocu11,c>i " Menee crpo – euM apxure,-rypnbiM rjiopMaM. 11.I'OJIOCOB

"111bSI AneKCaHAPOBH4 r 0/lOCOB POAHllCSI 19 HIO/lSI 1883 r. B Moc Kee B ceMb8 CBSILL\eHHHKa.nocne OKOH4aHHSI Ha4a/1bHOH WKO/lbl OTeU, HaMepe– ea11cS1 OTAaTb 1-1. fonocoea Hero cTapwero 6paTa, enocneACTBHH H3BecrHoro coeeTCKOro apXHTeKTOpa n. r onocoea, B AYXOBHOe Y4Hl1HIJ.le. OAHaKO o6a 6para KaTeropH4eCKH eocnpOTHBH/lHCb >1tttttttH4eCKl1 AllSI «l-1cropHH pyccKoro HCKYCCTBa» 1-1. fpa6apS1 H AllSI >ttttt

1911.

My3ei:i 3Ta>t

CryAeH'leCKMH

npoeKT,

1812 roAa, acaA, nnaH aroporo

cppa~MeHT (aapMaHT)

CryAeH4eCKHH npoeKr , 1911. HHrepbep 8 KnacCH4eCK0M CTHne

Oco6H11K 3HMHHa a r. KHp>Ka<1e, 1912. n epcneKTHBa

TaK KaK 4apHBWHl1 B TO apeMSI CTHnb «MOAepH» H APYrHe HCTOpH4eCKHe crnnH He B036Y>KAanH BO MHe HHTepeca 1• nepBble CaMOCTOSITenbHblenpoeKTbl J..1. ronocoaa, BbinOnHeHHble B npeA– peeon104HOHHble rOAbl, OTnH4alOTCSI CTHneBblM pa3Hoo6pa3HeM. no ero npo– eKTaM B 3TOT nepHOA 6b1no nocTpoeHO HeCKOnbKOoco6HSIKOB, cpeAH KOTO– pblX HaH6onbWHl1 HHTepec npeACTaBnSIIOT oco6HSIK 3HMHHa B KHp>Ka4e (1912) H oco6HsiK 3yeea a MocKee (1913) . J..1 fonocoe npoeKTHpyeT TaK>Ke AOXOAHble AOMa, 4epKBH. B 1914 r. a casi3H c Ha4anoM nepeoii MHpoaoii eoi1Hbl J..1. fonocoe 6b1n

1 «ApxHreKrypa

CCCP», 1933, N!!1.- C. 23.

11

H. A. fo11ocos B r0Abl nepsoii MHposoii soiiHbl

\j

Oco6HllK 3yesa s MocKBe. 1913. nepcneKTHBII

12

n. ronOCOBblM ), KOHKypcHbl H npoeKT , 1914. (l)acaA,

A oxOAHblH AOM a MOCKBe (cOBMeCTHO c

nnaH

M0 6H11H30BaH B apMHIO H AO 1917 r. pa6oTa11

B 0611aCTH CTpOHTellbCTBa

pa3 -

11HYHblX coopy>t

A11SI TblllOBblX

YaCTeH. Ero npoeKTbl

AllSI 3THX coopy>t

HHi:i pe3KO

OTllHYalOTCSl

OT Bbln011HSIBWHX CSI HM AO 3TOrO CTYAeHYeCKHX,

3a–

KaJ HblX H KOHKypcHblX TYPH O- AeKopaTHBHblX 0 11110, rpaMOTHYIO PY>KeH HSIX rnaBHOe cpyH KU,HOHallbHYIO

npoeKTOB.

BMeCTO TW,aTellbHOH

npopa60TKH

apXHTeK– KaK npa -

AeTanei:i

cpacaAa , npeACTaensiewero

co6oH,

CTH11H3aU,HIO Ha 3aAaHHYIO

TeMy, B 3THX YTHllHTapHblX

coo–

BHHMaHHe

OH o6paw,aeT

Ha 3KOH OMHYHOCTb,

nerKOCTb

H

13

u,enecoo6pa3HOCTb

KOHCTPYKTHBHblX

311eMeHTOB.

\J ,D.epeellHHall L4epKOBb. npoeKT, 1916. nepcneKrnea, qiacaAbl, nnaH, pa3pe3

Uep KOBb. npoeKT, 1916. cPacaA -

' ' ,

:l y ""

/'/f.

2. OT HEOKJ1ACCv1Kv1 K Cv1MBOJlv1KO-POMAHTv1YECKv1M

nov1CKAM

llepeuie zo81>1O1>r11,6p11,, zo81,i peuiure11,1>11ou pea1>ou nepeo1fe1t1>u ecex 1fe,mocreu, ne Moz11,u ne aaxearurb u ap– xure1>ryp1>£ u ne ei,iaear& y ee pa6or1,u1>oe zop11,ttezo crpe.1Me11u11, uaru enepea, uoru 1>a1.M0:J1C110 61,icrpee. H.I'OJIOCOB

,.

B 1918-1919

rr. 1-1. ro11ocoe,

KaK H MHOrHe Apyr1-1e coeeTCKHe

apx1-1TeK–

TOpb1, eeAeT nOHCKH Hoeoro

XYAO>KeCTBeHHOro

o6pa3a,

opHeHTHPYSICb

Ha H3

HCnOJlb30BaHHe KJlaCCH4eCKoro

B03MO>KHOCTeH

KJlaCCH4eCK0r0

OpAepa . OH OT6HpaeT

HaCJleAHSI Ha1-16011ee «repOH4eCKHe»

cpopMbl,

C03AaeaSI Ha HX

OCH0Be M0HyMeHTaJlbHble

KOMn03HU.HH ,

noHCKaMH 20-x rOAOB

TaKOH HeOKJlaCCH4eCKHH

3Tan nepeA

HoeaT0pCKHMH

nepe>KHJlH MHOrHe coeeTCKHe

apXHTeKTOpbl.

3TOT cpaKT, KOTOpblH He ecerAa

Y4HTblBalOT npH aHaJ1H3e TB0p4eCKHX

noHCKOB B nepeble

noc11epeeoJ110U.HOH–

PSIAa oco6eHHOCTeH

XYAO–

Hb1e rOAbl, 04eHb ea>KeH AllSI noHHMaHHSI u.e11oro >KeCTBeHHblX noHCK0B e coeeTCKOH apXHTeKType

20-x r0AOB,

OT u.apcKOH PoccHH M0JlOA0e

CoeeTCKoe

rocyAapcTeo

no11y41-1110 cno>K–

apx1-1TeKTypb1 . B npeApeeontoU.HOHHb1e

rOAbl e pyc–

Hoe HacneAHe

e 0611acrn

CKOH apxHTeKType

C110>KHJ10Cb TaKoe no110>1

TanaHT–

JlHBble H aBT0pHTeTHble

apxHTeKTOpbl,

nepe>KHB

KpaTKOepeMeHHOe

yene4e–

H pa304apoeaeWHCb

B ero 3CTeTH4eCKHX

npHHU.Hnax,

HCKallH

HHe MOAepHOM

nyTH B03p0>KAeHHSI HCKYCCTBa B TpaAHU.HSIX npownoro . Ec111-1ew,e HeAaBH0 (Ha py6e>++KHaSI TBOp4eCKaSI CHTya4HS1 - HOBble K0HCTPYKU.HH H Ma– repHallbl, HOBble ntnbl 3AaHHH H npHeMbl cpyHKU.HOHallbHOrO peweHHSI BO ece 6onee WHp0KHX Macwra6ax eHeApS111HCb B CTpOHTellbCTBO, a 3CTeTH4eCKHe CHMnaTHH apxHTeKT0poe yxoAHllH ece AallbWe e npownoe. MoAepH c ero 3CTeTHKOH 6bl11 He T0llbKO OTBeprHyT 60J1bWHHCTBOM apXHTeKTOpoe, HO BMe – CTe C HHM OKa3a11HCb AHCKpeAHTHpoeaHHblMH H MHOrHe TBOp4eCKHe n0HCKH, HanpaeneHHble Ha BblSIBlleHHe xyAO>KeCTBeHHblX B03MO>KHOCTeH HOBOH cpyHK – U.HOHallbHO-KOHCTPYKTHBHOH 0CH0Bbl 3AaHHSI. LJ,eneHanpaeneHHble n0HCKH « Hoeoro CTH11SI» B apXHTeKType OTOW11H Ha BTOpOH nnaH, rnaeHoe BHHMaHHe YAe11Sl110Cb yrny611eHHOMY H3y4eHHIO TB0p4eCKHX npHHU.HnOB 3nox xyA0 - >KecreeHHOro pacu.eeTa apxHTeKTYPbl e npownoM. OAHOepeMeHHO C yc1-111eHHeM He0K11aCCH4eCK0rO HanpaeneHHSI y>Ke B npeApee0lllOU,HOHHble rOAbl AllSI TBOp4eCTBa HeKOTOpblX apXHTeKTOpoe 6bl110 xapaKTepHO crpeMlleHHe K 4eTKOH opraHH3aU.HH cpyHKU.HOHallbHOr0 npo– u.ecca, K nOHCKaM paU.HOHallbHOH nnaHHpOBKH 3AaHHSI, K 3cpcpeKTHBHOMY HC- apxHTeKTYPbl KaK eellHKOro

16

nonb30BaHHIO H0BblX K0HCTPYKU,HH. 8 HX npoeKTax H n0CTpOHKax, peweHHblX, KaK npaBHllO, B AYXe M0AepHa HllH 3KlleKTH'-IHOH CTH11H3aU,HH, CKB03b BHew– HIOIO AeKopaTHBHYIO OAe>KAY 0pMHpOBallHCb, nporneonocTaenJIJI CBOHTBOp'-leCKHe K0H4en4HH MOAepHy H 3KneKTHKe. 3cTeTH'-leCKH 3TH Te4e– HHSIB03HHKnH He B XOAe 3BOnt04HH M0AepHa, nepepacTaewero B «pau,1-10- HallbHYIO apxHTeKTypy», a a 6opb6e c XYA0>KeCTBeHHblMH npHHU,HnaMH MO– AepHa, OTpHU,aJIero 3CTeTHKY,O6pa3HO roaopJt, B HaWeH 0Te4eCTBeHHOH ap– XHTeKType (e OTnH'-IHe OT ApyrHx eaponeHCKHX u,eHTpoa KAY MOAepHoM H HoaaTopcKHMH Te'-leHHJIMH 20-x rOAOB ne>Kana HeoKnaccHKa, ni.1waawaS1 3TH Te'-leHHSI npeeMcTaeHHOH 3CTeTH'-leCKOH CBJ13H C MOAepHOM. 4epe3 3TOT 3CTeTH4eCKHHn11acTHeOKnac– CHKHnpow111-1e npeApeeont04HOHHb1e H oco6eHHo e nepeb1e nocnepeeont0- u,1-10HHb1e rOAbl MHOrHe H3 Tex M0110AblX apXHTeKTOpoe, KOTOpble 3aTeM 6bl- 11HaKTHBHblMH CTOpOHHHKaMHHOBaTOpCKHXTe'-leHHH. 3To 6b1110xapaKTepHo H AnSI J.1. ronocoaa. B 1918 r. OH nocTynaeT a ap– XHTeKTYPHYIOMacTepcKyio MoccoeeTa, eo3rnaenJ1ewyt0cJ1 TOrAa OAHHM H3 HaH6onee aBTOpHTeTHblX 1-1nocneAOBaTenbHblX HeoKnacCHKOB - J.1. B. >fOpMHpoaaHHH y J.1. rono– coea OTHOWeHHSIK XYAO>KeCTBeHHblMnpo6neMaM q>OpMoo6pa30BaHHSI. Teop'-leCKHe npHHU,Hnbl >fKeCTBeHHO-KOMn03HU,HOHHblX npHe– MOB, Y6e>KAeHHblH «KnaccHK», OH 6bin YAHBHTenbHO nocneAoBaTeneH e npoaeAeHHH caoero TBOp'-leCKOro KpeAo, '-ITO, 6e3ycnOBHO, 6bln0 OAHOH H3 HaH6onee npHTJlraTenbHblX CTOpOH ero TBOp48CTea. >ftfffK8CTBeHHoro MaCTepcTBa 30A'-IHX, roeopi.111 0 KOMn03HU,HH, nponop– U,HJIX,KYllbType AeTaneii. "1. ronocoe, no>Kanyii, 111-1wb3A8Cb, Ha 6eceAax >ff

nonHTH4eCK 1917 He KapHKarypbl,

18

>+KonTOBCK11Hnp11B11BanCB011M cnywa– Tem1M BlKe B 20-e rOAbl) MHOrHe r1aCTHl1Kl1 nepBblX nocnepeBonlOL\110HHblX 6eceA >KonTOBClKecTBeHHblX nOl1ClKon– TOBc1q>epeHL,\11pOBaHHOeOTHOWeH11eK TBOp"leCKl1M KOHL\enL,\l1$1M >tKHblM noTOMY, "!TO ero TeopeTH"feCKOe tKano KaK 6b1 HeCtKe TB HblX npeACTaBneHl1H CB 3 clX C C)'.YJJiOCTblO ap l1TeKTYPHOro TBOp"leCTBa A O KOHtKonTOBCKl1HHe B11Aen npaKT11"fecKoH Heo6xOAl1MOCTl1 npOTl1BOnOCTaBnSITb TpaAML\MOHHble cpopMbl HOBblM, nono– MY rnaBHblM OH C"fl1Tan TOrAa He npona raHAY Knacc11"feCKl1X cpopM, a pac– Kpb1Tl1e XYAO>KecneHHblX 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH cpopMoo6pa30BaHl1SI B apx11:reK– Type . 3To npe>KAe scero 11ycsa11Ban11ero cnywaTen11 . 3To rny6oKo npo"lyB– CTBOBan 11ycB011n 11 "1. ronocos . 0AHaKo s nepBo e BpeMSI, HaXOASICbnOA 6onbWl1M Bne"faTneH11eM OT «6e– CeA» >KonToBcKoro, "1. r onocoB pa6oTaeT B He0Knacc11Ke. npoe1KeHH$1, Y>Ke s ny"f– w 11x npoe1KeCTBeHHble 3aKOHOMepHOCTl1 nocTpoeHl1$1 o6'beMHO-npocTpaHC TBeH– HOH KOMn03HL\11M, "1. ronocoB nocTe neHHO nepeKnlO"faeT csoe BH11MaH11ec AeTanei:1 Ha 1KonTOBClKe speMSI OH C03AaeT ABa npoe1KeCTBeHHblH o6pa3 , HCn0/1b3YSI cpopMbl KnaccM"fecKoro opAepa . Pe"fb HAeT o npoeKTax aM6y n aTopHoro Kopnyca oacMaHHOH 6onbHl1L\bl B Moc1oMHH), "1. ronocos 0T611pae r 113 19

AM6ynaTopHblH Kopnyc 6acMaHHOH 6onbHHL\bl s Mo– CKBe. npoeKT, 1918. Cl>acaA, nepcneKTHBa B'be3Aa, nnaHbl

J

opAepHblX

q>OpM Te, KOTOpb1e, KaK eMy npeACTaBJl.SIIIOCb,

6011ee C03BY"IHbl CIIO>KHblX AeKO–

3noxe.

OH HCnOllbayeT

11aKOHH4HblH no q>OpMaM,

IIHWeHHblH

paTHBHblX 311eMeHTOB TOCKaHCKHH opAep,

ew.e 6011ee ynpow.asi

H OAHOBpe–

MeHHO MOHyMeHTal1H3Hpysi

ero AeTallH.

v1. f OIIOCOB WHpOKO npHMeHSleT

T aK, B npoeKTe

WKOllbl-naMSITHHKa

TOC–

KaHCKHH OpAep

(nopTHK,

Teppaca

H ra11epeS1 OCHOBHOro 3AaHHSI; pOTOHAa H

Hapy>t

naMSITHHKa),

KOIIOHHbl KOToporo

IIHWeHbl

Kan1o1Te11e11H

BMeCTO Tpex4aCTHOro

AelleHHSI

co CIIO>KHblMH npoq>H–

co6oi1

eAHHblH

apxHTpae,

aaeepwatoW.HHCSI

KapHH30M

B BHAe npOCTOH no1104KH, KOTopyto

nOAAep>KHBatoT

KOHCOIIH 8 q>opMe

n11oc–

B u,e110M KOMnlleKC

WKOllbl-naMSITHHKa

peweH

KaK

KHX napa1111e11en1o1neAOB.

KllaCCH4eCKHH

aHcaM611b.

3AeCb

eCTb ace - H nopTHKH,

H KOIIOHHbl, H ra11e–

pe1o1, H poTOHAbl.

Ho ace 3TO, OAHaKO, MaKCHMallbHO

ynpow.eHo,

XOTSI xapaK– H Hecyw.1o1x

Tep OpAepa

(nponopU,HH

KOIIOHH, B3aHMOOTHOWeHHe

HeCOMblX

4aCTeH H T. A,) BblAep>KaH

B COOTBeTCTBHH C KllaCCH4eCKHMH

KaHOHaMH.

(KaK 3TO Ae11a11 v1.

ro11ocoe

He peKOHCTpy1o1pyeT

OpAep

20

l•fapa31.1osaii ne'lb . KoHKypcHblH npoeKr, 1919

.. " ~f

·.,

~ -;,

·~-· ..·· ~ .. - \&i :;- - · · ~· .-·· .

' ·

~ '-lo(

. ,

"'

- ... - ~-

..,

... .• ,:;i.'"?<:...·· ·.:· ~ ···;.. ~ .::..

. ~ r;;:/2-.. .. ..

. 3/' • -

·..

'\

,-">.,)

.

WKona -naMJITHHK Jl. H. Ton– croMy a ~cHoif nonJ1He. KoH– KypcHb lH npoeKT, 1919. Cba– caAi. 111nepcneKr11ea c nTH4be– ro nonera, nepcneKrHaa na– MJITHHKa-poroHAbl, nnaH nep – eoro :na>tacaA 0CH0BH0• ro Kop nyca

nonoeHHe 20-x roAoe) , a nHWb ynpow.aer ero, nHwaer ero MH0rHx Aeraneit npH 3T0M OH KaK TOHKHHXYA0>KHHKnpeKpaCHO 4yecreyer rpaHH4Y , 3a K0- 22 ropoii ynpo11.1eHMe opAepa nepepacraer e ero peKOHCTPYKL\MIO. H coxpa-

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