Index
1201
clinical manifestations of, 411
in coronary artery disease, 446
development of, 410–413,
410
f
, 412
f
–413
f
diabetes mellitus and, 816
epidemiology of, 408–410,
409
c
risk factors for, 408–410, 409
c
Atherosclerotic plaque
stable v. unstable, 446–447,
449
f
thrombosis and vessel occlu-
sion, 446–447
Atmospheric pressure, 520–521
ATN.
See
Acute tubular necrosis
Atonic seizures, 947
Atopic dermatitis, 1161–1162,
1162
f
Atopic reactions, 347–348
ATP.
See
Adenosine triphosphate
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),
611
Atrial septal defects, 476
f
–477
f
,
477
Atrioventricular (AV) node,
386–387, 387
f
Atrioventricular (AV) valves, 385,
385
f
Atrium, filling and contraction
of, 391
f
, 392
Atrophy, 32, 32
f
of muscles, 889
Atypical pneumonia, 544–545,
545
f
, 547
Auscultatory gap, 433
Auspitz sign, 1164
Autocrine action, of hormones,
754, 755
f
Autograft, for thermal injury,
1170–1171
Autoimmune diseases, 354, 354
c
diagnosis and treatment of, 357
gastritis, 702–703
immunologic tolerance,
354–356, 355
f
mechanisms of, 356–357
Autoimmune hepatitis, 735–736
Autologous graft, 353
Autonomic dysreflexia, 910–911,
911
f
Autonomic hyperreflexia, with
spastic bladder, 663
Autonomic nervous system
(ANS), 822, 847–852
in bladder control, 657–659,
658
f
in blood pressure regulation,
420, 421, 423, 423
f
–424
f
central integrative pathways
of, 850
circulatory system control by,
399–400
craniosacral division of, 850.
See also
Parasympathetic
nervous system
disorders of, orthostatic hypo-
tension and, 434–435
efferent pathways of, 848–850,
848
f
, 849
t
in gastrointestinal system,
680–682, 682
f
–683
f
neurotransmission in, 850–852
spinal cord injury and disrup-
tion in, 910–911, 911
f
in stress response, 209–210,
210
f
thoracolumbar division of.
See
Sympathetic nervous system
Autonomic neuropathies, 815
Autophagolysosome, 5
f
, 6
Autophagosome, 5
f
, 6
Autoregulation, of renal blood
flow, 609–610
Autosomal dominant disorders,
107
t
, 108–110, 108
f
polycystic kidney diseases,
619–620, 619
f
Autosomal recessive disorders,
107
t
, 110–111, 110
f
polycystic kidney diseases, 620
Autosomes, 95.
See also
Chromosomes
AV.
See
Atrioventricular
Avascular necrosis.
See
Osteonecrosis
Avoidance, in PTSD, 217
AV shunts.
See
Arteriovenous
shunts
Axial skeleton, 1063, 1064
f
Axon hillock, 822, 822
f
Axons, 822–823, 822
f
degeneration of, 892–893, 892
f
Azotemia, with chronic kidney
disease, 644
Back pain, 894–896
Bacteria, 300–303, 300
f
–303
f
in intestines, 692–693
pneumonia, 546–547, 546
t
Bacterial conjunctivitis, 958
Bacterial infections
in intestines, 710–711
of skin, 1156–1157, 1157
f
Bacterial meningitis, 940–941,
940
f
Bacterial prostatitis, 1007
Bacterial vaginosis, 1055–1056,
1056
f
Bactericidal, 314
Bacteriostatic, 314
Baker cyst, 1120
Balanitis, 1000
Balanoposthitis, 1000
Baroreceptor reflexes, 421
Baroreceptors, 421, 423
f
–424
f
Barr body, 95
Barrel chest, 580, 581
f
Barrett esophagus, 699
Bartholin gland cyst, 1025
Basal cell carcinoma, 1175–1176,
1176
f
Basal ganglia
disorders of, 897–901
in motor function, 882
movement disorders, 898, 899
t
Base, of lung, 514
Basement membrane, 20–21,
22
f
, 77
Basement membrane zone,
1145–1146, 1146
f
Basolateral membrane, 604
Basophils, 242
f
, 243–244, 243
f
,
345
in inflammation, 50
f
, 51–52
B-cell lymphomas, 254
c
, 254–255
BCR.
See
Breakpoint cluster region
Becker muscular dystrophy
(BMD), 889–890
Bedsores.
See
Pressure ulcers
Bence Jones proteins, 257, 257
f
Benign hyperplasia prostate (BHP),
1008–1010, 1008
f
–1009
f
Benign paroxysmal positional
vertigo (BPPV), 985
f
, 987
Berger disease.
See
IgA
nephropathy
Berry aneurysm, 417, 417
f
,
937–938
BHP.
See
Benign hyperplasia
prostate
Bicarbonate
in acid-base balance, 197–198
buffer system, 194
carbon dioxide and, 192–193,
192
f
reabsorption of, 194–195,
199, 200
f
Biguanides, 808
Bile, formation of, 729
Bile canaliculi, 726, 726
f
Biliary cirrhosis, 736
Biliary disorders, intrahepatic, 736
Bilirubin
formation of, 729–730, 729
f
heme conversion to, 280, 281
f
Bilirubinuria, 748
Binge eating, 238
Biochemical analyses, prenatal,
126
Bioelectrical impedance, body fat
measurement, 229
Biofeedback, for stress, 219
Biofilms, 301–302, 302
f
Biologic agents
cellular injury from, 39
for RA, 1123
Biologic response modifiers, for
cancer, 152
Biopsy
for cancer diagnosis, 148
fetal, 126
liver, 731
Biotherapy, for cancer, 151–152
Biotransformations, 737
Birth defects.
See
Congenital
disorders
Birthmarks, 1178
Bivalents, 96
Blackheads, 1160
Bladder
cancer of, 671–672, 671
f
flaccid, 659
f
, 663
function of
disorders of, 661–666, 662
f
,
662
t
disruption in, with spinal
cord injury, 911–912
evaluation of, 659–660
neural control of, 657–658,
659
f
, 660
t
infection of.
See
Urinary tract
infection
neurogenic disorders,
662–664, 662
t
painful syndrome, 670–671
spastic, 659
f
, 665–666
structure of, 656–657, 657
f
disorders of, 661–666, 662
f
,
662
t
Blast cells, 244, 245
f
Blastomycosis, 551
Bleeding
disorders of, 269–275
with vascular disorders, 273
Blisters, 1148, 1149
f
Blood-brain barrier, 846, 846
f
Blood flow
control of, 394–400
autoregulation, 397–398
endothelial, 398–399
humoral, 399
coronary, 444–446, 445
f
,
447
f
–448
f
distribution of, 529
hemodynamics of, 380–381,
380
f
–381
f
laminar, 378, 381, 381
f
myocardial, 448–449,
448
f
–449
f
principles of, 378–379
renal, regulation of, 609–611
turbulent, 378, 381, 381
f
velocity of, 378, 381
f
for wound healing, 83–84
Blood loss anemia, 282–283,
283
f
Blood pressure
aortic, 448, 448
f
arterial, 422, 422
f
disorders of, 420–435, 420
f
determinants of, 422–423,
422
f
–423
f
low.
See
Hypotension
measurement of, 425
RAAS in, 613
regulation of, 420–421, 421
f
,
423–424, 424
f
Blood supply
to bones, 1066, 1067
f
to joints, 1075
to kidneys, 600–601, 601
f
to retina, 963, 963
f
disorders of, 963–965, 964
f
Blood tests, 614–615, 614
t
for diabetes mellitus, 805–806
for endocrine function,
763–764
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 612,
614–615, 614
t
Blood vessels
anatomy of, 394–395, 394
f
arterial, 395, 395
f
compliance of, 379
in dermis, 1145
distensibility of, 379
structure of, 402–404, 403
f
venous, 395–396, 396
f
wall tension of, 379, 379
f
Blount disease.
See
Tibia vara
Blue bloaters, 580–581
B lymphocytes, 243
f
, 244
in adaptive immunity,
332–333, 333
f
–334
f
differentiation of, 242, 242
f
,
335, 336
f
humoral immunity and,
335–338, 336
f
immunodeficiency disorders,
358–360, 359
f
in innate immunity, 319–322,
319
f
tolerance to, 350
f
, 355
BMD.
See
Becker muscular dys-
trophy; Bone mineral density
BMI.
See
Body mass index
Body circumferences, 228
