Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e - page 1223

1208 Index
Genes
in cancer, 137–140
code for, 89–90, 90t
expression of, regulation of, 94
isolation and cloning of, 101,
102f
mutations in, 90, 107
proteins from, 91–94
repression of, 94
Gene therapy, 103
Genetic imprinting, 98–99
in congenital disorders,
111–112, 112f
Genetic instability, 133
Genetic maps, 100–101
Genetics
adaptation and, 213
autoimmune disease and, 356
in cell function, 87–94
cellular aging and, 45–46
Mendel laws, 98, 99f
in patterns of inheritance, 98–99
technology for, 99–103
Genetic tests, for endocrine func-
tion, 764–765
Genital herpes, 1051–1053,
1052f
Genitalia
female
disorders of, 1024–1026
external, 1017–1018, 1018f
internal, 1018–1020, 1019f
male. See Male reproductive
system
sexually transmitted infections
of, 1050–1053
Genital warts, 1050–1051, 1050f
Genomic imprinting. See Genetic
imprinting
Genotype, 98, 107
Genu valgum, 1100–1101, 1101f
Genu varum, 1100–1101, 1101f
GERD. See Gastroesophageal
reflux disease
German measles. See Rubella
Gestational diabetes (GDM),
804–805
Gestational hypertension, 431
GFR. See Glomerular filtration
rate
GGT. See γ-Glutamyltransferase
GH. See Growth hormone
Ghon complex, 549, 549f
Ghon focus, 548
Ghrelin, 688t, 689
Giant cell arterides, 414, 414t
Giant cell arteritis, 1136
Giant cell tumor, 1095, 1095f
Gigantism, 773, 773f
GIP. See Glucose-dependent insu-
linotropic polypeptide
Glandular epithelium, 22–23
Glasgow coma scale, 928t
Glaucoma, 967–969, 968f
Glia. See Neuroglia
Gliosis, 824
Glisson capsule, 724
Global infectious diseases, 316
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
604, 614
chronic kidney disease and,
643–644, 643f, 644t
juxtaglomerular complex, 610,
610f
Glomerulonephritis
chronic, 626
membranous, 625
post infection, 623, 623f
rapidly progressive, 623–624,
624f
systemic lupus erythematosus
with, 627
Glomerulosclerosis
diabetic, 627
focal segmental, 625–626
Glomerulus, 601f–602f, 602–603
disorders of, 621, 622f
etiology of, 621–622, 622f
nephritic, 623, 623f
nephrotic syndrome,
624–626, 624f
pathogenesis of, 621–622,
622f
rapidly progressive glomeru-
lonephritis, 623–624, 624f
with systemic disease, 627
urine formation in, 604
Glottis, 515, 515f
GLP-1. See Glucagon-like
peptide-1
Glucagon, 795t, 798
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1),
227f, 228, 688t, 689
Glucocorticoids, 784–785, 785f,
785t
excess of, 788–790, 789f
glucose and, 799
Gluconeogenesis, 794
Glucose
blood measurements of,
805–806
digestion and absorption of,
690, 691f, 691t
hormone regulation of,
794–799, 795f
metabolism and storage of, 794
for nervous tissue, 825
renal blood flow and, 610–611
transport and storage of,
795–796, 795t, 796f
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic
peptide, 684
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic
polypeptide (GIP), 688t, 689
Glucose proteins. See
Glycoproteins
Glucose transporter (GLUT),
797, 797f
α-Glucosidase inhibitors, 808–809
GLUT. See Glucose transporter
γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), 731
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy. See
Celiac disease
Glycogen, in energy storage, 224
Glycogenolysis, 794
Glycogen storage diseases, 34–35
Glycoproteins, 814
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), 28
Glycosylated hemoglobin, 806
GM-CSF. See Granulocyte-
monocyte colony-stimulating
factors
Goiter, 779, 779f
Gompertzian model, 134
Gonadotropin hormones, 1021
Gonorrhea, 1058–1059, 1058f
Goodpasture syndrome, 349,
624, 624f
"Goose bumps," 1147
Gout, 1131–1133, 1132f,
1135–1136
Graft, 353
Graft-versus-host-disease
(GVHD), 353
Gram calorie. See Calories
Gram stain, 302
Grand mal seizures. See Tonic-
clonic seizures
Granulation tissue, 78–80, 79f
Granulocyte colony-stimulating
factors (G-CSF), 243, 324, 324t
Granulocyte-monocyte colony-
stimulating factors (GM-CSF),
243, 323–324, 324t
Granulocytes, 242f, 243–244,
243f, 320
Granulomatous inflammation,
61–62, 62f
Granulosa cells, 1023
Graves disease, 349, 782–783,
782f
Gray matter, intermediate, 837,
838f
Great arteries, transposition of,
476f, 479
Greenstick fracture, 1085
Ground substance, 28
Growth and development
cellular, adaptations of, 31–34,
32f, 33 f
of neoplasms, 133
normal, variations of, 1098–
1101, 1098f–1101f
Growth factors, 72
influence of, 76–77, 76t
Growth fraction, 134
Growth hormone (GH), 770–771,
770f
deficiency
in adults, 773
in children, 772–773, 772f
excess
in adults, 773–774, 774f
in children, 773, 773f
glucose and, 798–799
stress response of, 214
Growth plate. See Epiphyseal
growth plate
Grunting, 557
GSA neurons. See General
somatic afferent neurons
GSE neurons. See General
somatic efferent neurons
Guanine, in DNA, 88
Guided imagery, for stress, 218
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 894
Gut. See Gastrointestinal system
Gut-derived hormones, 798
GVA neurons. See General vis-
ceral afferent neurons
GVE neurons. See General vis-
ceral efferent neurons
GVHD. See
Graft-versus-host-disease
Hair follicles, 1147, 1147f
HANDs. See HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorders
Haplotype, 90, 335
mapping of, 101
Haptens, 332
Haptoglobin, 280
Hardiness, adaptation and, 214
Hashimoto thyroiditis, 780
Haustra, 685, 712
Haustrations, 685
HAV. See Hepatitis A virus
Haversian canals, 1066, 1067f
HbA. See Adult hemoglobin
HbA1C. See Hemoglobin A1C
HbF. See Fetal hemoglobin
HbH. See Hemoglobin H
HBV. See Hepatitis B virus
HC. See Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
hCG, for prenatal screening and
diagnosis, 125
HCV. See Hepatitis C virus
HD. See Huntington disease
HDL. See High-density
lipoprotein
HDV. See Hepatitis D virus
Headache, 872–875
chronic daily, 874–875
cluster, 874
migraine, 872–874
tension-type, 874
Health status, adaptation and, 214
Hearing loss, 981
conductive, 982, 981c
diagnosis and treatment of,
982–983
in elderly, 983–984
in infants and children, 983
sensorineural, 981c, 982
Heart
conduction system of, 387f
electrical activity of, 386–390
functional anatomy of,
382–386, 383f–384f
performance regulation,
392–393
transplantation, 498
Heart attack. See Myocardial
infarction
Heart block, 389
Heart disease
cardiomyopathies, 468–471
with CKD, 645f, 646
congenital. See Congenital
heart disease
coronary artery disease,
444–456
endocardium disorders,
457–460, 458f
in infants and children,
472–481
pericardium disorders, 465c,
465–467
rheumatic, 458–460
valvular, 460–465
Heart failure, 486–487
AHFSs, 495–496
with CKD, 645f, 646
compensatory mechanisms of,
488–491, 489f
diagnosis of, 496–497, 496t
in elderly, 498–499
left ventricular dysfunction,
492–493, 492f–493f
manifestations of, 494–495
pathophysiology of, 487–488
reduced v. preserved ejection
fraction, 491–492
right ventricular dysfunction,
492f, 493