1210
Index
Hydrostatic pressure, 163–164,
164
f
Hydrothorax, 568
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
in circulatory control, 399
in inflammation, 57
in stress response, 212
Hydroxyurea, for sickle cell
anemia, 285
Hyperacute rejection, 352
Hyperbilirubinemia, in neonates,
292–293
Hypercalcemia, 35, 184–185, 184
t
Hypercalcemic crisis, 185
Hypercapnia, 567, 595
Hypercapnic/hypoxemic respira-
tory failure, 595
Hyperchloremic acidosis, 198
Hypercholesteremia, 406–408,
406
t
, 407
f
Hypercoagulability, 267–269, 268
c
Hyperglycemia, 802–803, 811
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
state (HHS), 812
Hyper-IgM syndrome, 360
Hyperkalemia, 178
f
, 179
t
,
180–181, 181
f
Hyperkeratosis, 1164
Hyperlipidemia, 404–408,
405
f
–406
f
with nephrosis, 624
Hypermagnesemia, 188
t
, 189
Hypermetabolic response, to
thermal injury, 1170
Hypernatremia, 175–176, 175
t
Hyperopia, 960–961, 960
f
Hyperparathyroidism, 190
Hyperphosphatemia, 186
t
, 187
Hyperpituitarism, 769
Hyperplasia, 32
f
, 33
prostate, 1008–1010,
1008
f
–1009
f
Hyperpolarization, 826
Hypersensitive dermatoses,
1161–1164, 1162
f
, 1164
f
Hypersensitivity disorders, 344,
345
t
type I, immediate, 344–348,
346
f
type II, antibody-mediated,
348–349, 348
f
type III, immune complex-
mediated, 349–350, 349
f
type IV, cell-mediated,
350–351, 350
f
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 351
Hypersplenism, 741
Hypertension, 425–426, 425
t
in children and adolescents,
431–432, 432
t
with CKD, 645
f
, 646
diagnosis and treatment of,
429–430
in elderly, 432–433
hypertensive crisis, 430
myocardial hypertrophy result-
ing from, 33, 33
f
portal, 740–742, 741
f
–742
f
in pregnancy, 430–431
primary, 426–427
pulmonary, 590–592, 591
f
pulmonary arterial, 590–592,
591
f
secondary, 427–428
target organ damage, 428
c
,
428–429
Hypertensive emergency, 430
Hypertensive retinopathy, 965
Hypertensive urgency, 430
Hyperthyroidism, 778
t
, 781–783,
782
f
Hypertonic hyponatremia, 174
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(HC), 468–469, 468
f
Hypertrophy, cellular, 32–33,
32
f
, 33
f
Hyperuricemia, 251
Hypervolemic hypotonic hypona-
tremia, 174
Hyphae, 304, 304
f
, 551
Hypocalcemia, 183–184, 184
f
,
184
t
Hypochromic, 281
Hypodipsia, 169–170
Hypogammaglobulinemia, 252
transient, of infancy, 359
Hypoglycemia, 812–813
Hypokalemia, 178–180, 178
f
,
179
t
, 181
f
Hypokalemic familial periodic
paralysis, 179
Hypomagnesemia, 187–188, 188
t
Hyponatremia, 174–175, 175
t
Hypoparathyroidism, 189–190
Hypophosphatemia, 186–187,
186
t
Hypopituitarism, 769–770
Hypoplasia, 618
Hypopolarization, 826
Hyporeflexia, 888
Hypospadias, 1012, 1012
f
Hypotension
drug-induced, 434
orthostatic, 433–435, 434
f
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
assessment of, 768–769
hormone regulation by, 759,
761, 762
f
in menstrual cycle, 1020–1021,
1020
f
Hypothalamus
hormones of, 759, 762
f
–763
f
hunger regulation in, 227–228,
227
f
male reproductive system and,
997, 997
f
Hypothyroidism, 778
t
, 779–781
acquired, 778
t
, 780–781, 781
f
congenital, 779–780, 779
f
Hypotonic hyponatremia, 174
Hypoventilation, 595
Hypovolemia, 172–173
Hypovolemic hypotonic hypona-
tremia, 174
Hypovolemic shock, 501
c
,
501–504, 502
f
–503
f
Hypoxemia, 566–567
with COPD, 581
pneumothorax and, 570–571
with respiratory failure,
594–595
Hypoxemic respiratory failure,
594
c
, 594–595
Hypoxia
brain injury, 917–918, 917
f
cellular injury from, 40
f
, 41
Hypoxia-induced vasoconstric-
tion, 529
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs),
41
H zone, 24
f
, 25
IAAs.
See
Insulin autoantibodies
IA neuron.
See
Input association
neuron
I band, 24
f
, 25
IBD.
See
Inflammatory bowel
disease
IBS.
See
Irritable bowel syndrome
IC.
See
Inspiratory capacity
ICF compartment.
See
Intracellular fluid compartment
ICP.
See
Intracranial pressure
Icterus.
See
Jaundice
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF), 587
Idiopathic type 1B diabetes, 800
t
,
802
IDL.
See
Intermediate-density
lipoprotein
IE.
See
Infective endocarditis
IFG.
See
Impaired fasting plasma
glucose
IFNs.
See
Interferons
IgA, 336
t
, 337
selective deficiency of, 360
IgA nephropathy, 626, 626
f
IgD, 336
t
, 337
IgE, 336
t
, 337
IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs),
771
IGFBPs.
See
IGF-binding proteins
IGFs.
See
Insulin-like growth
factors
IgG, 336
t
, 337, 337
f
subclass deficiency of, 360
IgM, 336
t
, 337
hyper-IgM syndrome, 360
Ig superfamily.
See
Immunoglobulin superfamily
IGT.
See
Impaired glucose
tolerance
IL-1.
See
Interleukin-1
Illness, malnutrition in, 235–236
ILs.
See
Interleukins
Immune cells, in dermis, 1145
Immune complex-mediated
hypersensitivity disorders,
349–350, 349
f
Immune response
to allografts, 352
in elderly, 342
hypersensitivity disorders of,
344, 345
t
type I, 344–348, 346
f
type II, 348–349, 348
f
type III, 349–350, 349
f
type IV, 350–351, 350
f
impaired, in wound healing, 84
regulation of, 340
to stress, 212
Immune surveillance hypothesis,
141
Immune system
cells of, 320–321
developmental aspects of,
341–342
disorders of, with CKD, 645
f
,
648
tissues of, 321–323, 321
f
Immune thrombocytopenic pur-
pura (ITP), 270–271
Immunity, 318
adaptive.
See
Adaptive
immunity
innate.
See
Innate immunity
transfer from mother to infant,
341–342, 341
f
Immunization, 340
for influenza, 544
Immunocompromised hosts,
pneumonia in, 546
Immunodeficiency disorders
AIDS.
See
Acquired immuno-
deficiency syndrome
primary, 358
c
, 358–362
Immunogens.
See
Antigens
Immunoglobulins, 332, 336–337,
336
f
, 336
t
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily,
29, 52
Immunohistochemistry, for can-
cer diagnosis, 148
Immunologic mechanisms, cancer
and, 141–142
Immunologic tolerance, 354–356,
355
f
Immunotherapy, for cancer, 141,
151–152
Impacted cerumen, 975
Impaired fasting plasma glucose
(IFG), 800
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),
800
Impedance plethysmography, for
pulmonary embolism, 589
Impetigo, 1156–1157, 1157
f
Impotence, with CKD, 648
Inclusion bodies, 94
Incretin effect, 798
Incretins, 688
t
, 689, 809
Incubation period, of infection,
310, 310
f
Incus, 976, 975
f
Induction, in gene expression, 94
Infant respiratory distress syn-
drome, 524, 557–558, 557
f
Infants.
See also
Neonates
glaucoma, 969
hearing loss in, 983
heart disease in, 472–481
HIV in, 371
skin disorders of, 1177–1180,
1178
f
–1180
f
transient hypogammaglobu-
linemia of, 359
Infarction, 44
Infections
agents of, 298, 298
t
autoimmune diseases and,
356–357
bacteria, 300–303, 300
f
–303
f
bone, 1091–1093, 1091
f
CKD and, 645
f
, 648
course of, 310, 310
f
with diabetes, 817–818
diagnosis of, 311–314,
313
f
–314
f
emerging and reemerging, 316
epidemiology of, 306–310
fungi, 304–305, 304
f
global infectious diseases, 316
parasites, 305
of penis, 1000
portal of entry of, 306–307
prions, 298–299
