Index
1213
Medullary collecting tubule, 603
Medulloblastoma, 943
Megakaryocytes, 261
Megaloblastic anemia, 288–289,
289
f
Meiosis, 96, 96
f
, 97
f
Meissner corpuscles, 858, 1145
Melanin, 898, 1143–1144
Melanocytes, 1143–1144, 1143
f
malignant melanoma,
1174–1175, 1174
f
Melanocytic nevi, 1173, 1173
f
,
1178
Melanosomes, 1143–1144
Melasma, 1150
Membranous exudates, 60
Membranous glomerulonephritis,
625
Mendelian disorders.
See
Single-
gene disorders
Mendel laws, 98, 99
f
Ménière disease, 987–988
Meninges, of brain, 844, 844
f
Meningiomas, 943
Meningitis, 940–941
Meniscus, injuries to, 1082, 1082
f
Menopause, 1040
Menstrual cycle, 1020–1024,
1020
f
amenorrhea, 1039
disorders of, 1038–1041
dysfunctional, 1038–1039
dysmenorrhea, 1039
Mental confusion, with heart
failure, 494–495
MEOS.
See
Microsomal ethanol-
oxidizing system
Mercury toxicity, 39
Merkel cells, 1144
Merkel disks, 858
Mesangium, 602
f
, 603
Mesentery, 678–679, 678
f
–679
f
Mesoderm, 20, 21
f
, 830, 831
f
Mesothelium, 21, 678
Messenger RNA (mRNA), 3
structure and function of, 91
Metabolic acidosis, 197
c
,
197–199, 198
t
Metabolic alkalosis, 198
t
,
199–200, 200
f
Metabolic syndrome, 231–232,
426, 800
t
, 802–803, 804
c
Metabolism
abnormalities of, 802–803, 802
f
of bones
disorders of, 1111–1118,
1112
c
, 1114
f
,
1117
f
–1118
f
hormonal control of, 1069,
1069
t
, 1071–1073,
1071
f
–1072
f
of drugs, 736–737
energy, 8–11, 9
f
, 223–224
heat production through,
63–64
liver and, 727–729, 727
t
, 728
f
thyroid hormone and, 777
Metacentric, 97, 97
f
Metaphysis, 1065, 1065
f
Metaplasia, 32
f
, 33–34
Metastasis
hematogenous spread,
135–136, 136
f
lymphatic spread, 135, 135
f
Metastatic bone disease, 1097
Metastatic calcifications, 35
Metatarsus adductus, 1099, 1099
f
Metformin, 808
Methotrexate
for psoriasis, 1165
for RA, 1123
MGUS.
See
Monoclonal gam-
mopathy of undetermined
significance
MHC.
See
Major histocompat-
ibility complex
MI.
See
Myocardial infarction
Microalbuminuria, 615, 627
Microarray technology, for can-
cer diagnosis, 148–149
Microbial agents, cancer and,
143–144
Microcirculation, 397–399, 398
f
Microfilaments, 7
f
, 8
Microflora, 298
Microglia, 27, 824–825, 824
f
Micronodular cirrhosis.
See
Alcoholic cirrhosis
MicroRNA genes, 138–139
Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing
system (MEOS), 738
Microtubules, 7–8, 7
f
Micturition, 659
pontine center for, 658, 659
f
Midbrain, 833
t
–834
t
, 840
f
, 841
Migraine headache, 872–874
Miliary tuberculosis, 549
Milk-alkali syndrome, 184–185,
199
Mineralocorticoids, 784
Minerals
requirements of, 226–227
for wound healing, 83
Minimal-change disease, 625
Minute volume, 527
Mitochondria, 6–8, 6
f
, 7
f
citric acid cycle, 10
electron transport chain, 11
gene disorders of, 113, 113
t
Mitochondrial DNA, 6–8, 91
Mitochondrion-induced apopto-
sis.
See
Intrinsic apoptosis
Mitosis, 88–89, 89
f
, 96
Mitral valve
prolapse of, 462–463, 462
f
regurgitation, 461
f
, 462
stenosis, 461–462, 461
f
M line, 24
f
, 25
MoAbs.
See
Monoclonal
antibodies
MODS.
See
Multiple organ dys-
function syndrome
MODY.
See
Maturity-onset
diabetes of young
Molds, 304–305, 304
f
Molecular chaperones, 94
Molecular mimicry, 356–357,
458–459
Moles.
See
Nevi
Mongolian spots, 1178
Monkeypox, 316
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs),
312
for cancer, 151–152
Monoclonal gammopathy of
undetermined significance
(MGUS), 256–257
Monocytes, 243
f
, 244, 320
in inflammation, 50
f
, 52
Mononeuropathy, 893, 893
f
Mononucleosis, infectious,
248–249, 248
f
Monoplegia, 887, 887
f
Monosomy, 116
Monro-Kellie hypothesis, 920,
920
f
Mons pubis, 1017, 1018
f
Morulae, 303
Mosaicism, 115
Motion sickness, 694, 986
Motor cortex, 842, 881–882,
881
f
–882
f
Motor deficits, from stroke, 936
Motor function
assessment of, 887–888, 887
f
disorders of, 648
organization of, 880–882
pathways for, 883
f
, 885
f
, 886
with spinal cord injury, 908
Motor neurons, 835, 882.
See also
Lower motor neurons; Upper
motor neurons
Motor unit, 882–883, 886
disorders of, 888–896
Movement, coordination of, 888
M phase, of cell cycle, 72, 74, 74
f
M protein, 257, 257
f
mRNA.
See
Messenger RNA
MS.
See
Multiple sclerosis
MSY.
See
Male-specific region
Mucociliary blanket, 514
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tis-
sue (MALT), 246, 322–323
Mucosal layer, gastric, 677–678,
678
f
, 690
f
, 701
Mucous layer, 308
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
disorder (MCDK), 618
Multifactorial inheritance, 98
disorders of, 113–114
Multiple myeloma, 256–258, 257
f
Multiple organ dysfunction syn-
drome (MODS), with shock,
509
Multiple sclerosis (MS), 902–904,
903
f
Multipotent stem cells, 73
Muscle compartment, 1089, 1089
f
Muscle fibers, 24, 24
f
Muscle pump, 436, 437
f
Muscles
atrophy of, 889
of eye, 971, 971
f
, 972
t
intercostal, 521–522, 522
f
respiratory, 521–522, 522
f
Muscle spasm, 865
Muscle spindles, 883–886
Muscle tissue, 20
t
, 24–26
cardiac.
See
Cardiac muscle
skeletal.
See
Skeletal muscle
smooth.
See
Smooth muscle
Muscular dystrophy, 889–890, 889
f
Muscularis externa, 677–678, 678
f
Music therapy, for stress, 219
Mutations, genetic, 90, 107
triplet repeat, 112–113
Mutualism, 298
MVV.
See
Maximum voluntary
ventilation
Myasthenia gravis, 890
f
, 891–892
Mycelium, 304
Mycoplasmas, 303
Myeloblasts, 245, 245
f
Myelogenous leukemias, 250
Myeloma nephrosis, 257
Myenteric plexus, 680, 682, 682
f
Myocardial hypertrophy, 33, 33
f
Myocardial infarction (MI), 446,
447
f
, 449
f
diagnosis and treatment for,
452–453, 453
f
non-ST elevation, 450
pathologic changes in,
450–452, 451
f
–452
f
recovery period, 453–454, 454
f
silent, 456
Myocarditis, 470–471
Myocardium, 382–384, 384
f
blood flow of, 448–449,
448
f
–449
f
contractility of, 487–488, 488
f
hypertrophy of, 490–491
remodeling of, 490–491
Myoclonic seizures, 946
Myoclonus, 888
Myofibrils, 24
f
, 25
Myoglobin, 449
Myopia, 960–961, 960
f
Myosin filaments, 24–26, 24
f
–25
f
Myxedematous coma, 780–781
Nabothian cysts, 1027
NAD.
See
Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide
NAFLD.
See
Nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease
Nail bed, 1147, 1147
f
Nail groove, 1147, 1147
f
Nail matrix, 1147, 1147
f
Nails, 1147–1148, 1147
f
tinea of, 1155–1156, 1155
f
Naive lymphocyte, 320–321
Nasal flaring, 557
Nasopharyngeal airways, 514–515
Natriuretic peptides (NPs), 490
Natural immunity.
See
Innate
immunity
Natural killer (NK) cells, 243
f
,
244, 320–321
differentiation of, 242, 242
f
receptors, 326, 326
f
Nausea, 693
Nearsightedness.
See
Myopia
Necrosis, 42
f
, 44–45, 44
f
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, 1058–1059
Neolayer, of white matter, 835
f
Neonates
hemolytic disease of, 293
hyperbilirubinemia in, 292–293
immunity transfer to, 341–342,
341
f
red blood cell changes in,
291–293, 292
t
respiratory tract infections in,
557–559, 557
f
, 560
t
, 561
c
ventilation in, 555–556, 556
f
Neoplasia, 129–155, 130
f
.
See
also
Cancer; Tumors
Neoplasm.
See
Cancer; Tumors
Neospinothalamic tract, 857
Nephritic syndrome, 623, 623
f
Nephrolithiasis.
See
Renal calculi
Nephron, 601–602, 601
f
glomerulus, 601
f
–602
f
,
602–603
tubular components of, 603
urine formation in, 604–607,
604
f
–607
f
Nephronophthisis-medullary cys-
tic disease complex, 620–621
