1216
Index
Pilosebaceous unit, 1147
Pink puffers, 580
Pinocytosis, 15
Pinocytotic vesicle, 15
Pitting edema, 166, 166
f
Pituitary gland.
See also
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
adenomas of, 769
anterior, control of, 768–769
disorders of, 768–775
hormones of, 761, 763
f
hyperpituitarism, 769
hypopituitarism, 769–770
male reproductive system and,
997, 997
f
Pityriasis rosea, 1165–1166,
1166
f
PKC.
See
Protein kinase C
PKU.
See
Phenylketonuria
Plaque
atherosclerotic.
See
Atherosclerotic plaque
fibrous atheromatous, 410,
410
f
, 412, 413
f
lesion, 1148, 1149
f
neuritic, 949, 949
f
Plasma
carbon dioxide transport, 192,
192
f
oxygen transport, 531
Plasma cell dyscrasias, 256–258,
257
f
Plasma cells, in inflammation,
51
f
, 52
Plasma compartment, 162
Plasma-derived mediators,
56–57, 57
f
Plasma membrane.
See
Cell
membrane
Plasmapheresis, 271
Plasmid, 101
Plasminogen, 263
Platelet-activating factor (PAF),
58–59
Platelet plug formation, 263–264,
264
f
disorders of, 269–272, 270
f
Platelets, 261–262, 262
f
disorders of, 269–272, 270
f
impaired function of, 271–272
increased function of, 267–268
in inflammation, 50, 50
f
Pleiotropism, 323
Pleomorphism, 132
Pleura, 514
f
, 518
disorders of, 568–571,
569
f
–570
f
Pleural effusion, 518, 568–569
Pleurisy.
See
Pleuritis
Pleuritis, 568
Plexuses, 838
f
, 839
Pluripotent stem cells, 73
PMDD.
See
Premenstrual dys-
phoric disorder
PML.
See
Progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy
PMNs.
See
Polymorphonuclear
neutrophils
PMS.
See
Premenstrual
syndrome
Pneumococcal pneumonia,
546–547
Pneumonia
acute bacterial, 546–547, 546
t
aspiration, 515
atypical, 544–545, 545
f
, 547
classification of, 544–546, 545
f
community-acquired, 545
hospital-acquired, 545–546
in immunocompromised per-
sons, 546
with influenza, 543
Legionnaire disease, 547
pneumococcal, 546–547
typical, 544, 545
f
, 546–547,
546
t
Pneumonitis, hypersensitivity,
351
Pneumotaxic center, 535, 535
f
Pneumothorax, 569–571
clinical features of, 570–571,
570
f
spontaneous, 569–570, 569
f
tension, 570, 570
f
traumatic, 570
PNS.
See
Peripheral nervous
system
Podocytes, 602
f
, 603, 621
Poly Ribosomes, 4, 94
Polyarteritis nodosa, 414, 414
t
Polyarthritis, 459
Polycystic kidney diseases,
618–621, 619
f
autosomal dominant,
619–620, 619
f
autosomal recessive, 620
Polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS), 1035–1036
Polycythemia, 291
Polydactyly, 1101
Polydipsia, 170
Polygenic inheritance, 98
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
312–313, 313
f
for HIV, 370
Polymorphism, 107
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
(PMNs), 51, 51
f
Polymyalgia rheumatica, 1136
Polyneuropathy, 893–894
Polyol pathway, 814
Polyps, adenomatous, 719–720,
720
f
Polysaccharides, 28
Polysomes, 4
f
Polysomy, 116
Pontine micturition center, 658,
659
f
Portal circulation, 724–726
Portal hypertension, 740–742,
741
f
–742
f
Portosystemic shunts, 741–742,
741
f
Port-wine stains, 1178, 1178
f
Position sensation, 859–860
Postconcussion syndrome, 926
Postganglionic neurons, 848
Postherpetic neuralgia, 870, 1159
Post infection glomerulonephritis,
623, 623
f
Postrenal failure, 640
c
, 640
f
, 641
Posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), 216–218
Postural hypotension, 911
Postvoid residual (PVR) urine,
660
Potassium
balance of, 177
with CKD, 645–646, 645
f
disorders of, 178–181, 178
f
regulation of, 177, 177
f
elimination of, regulation of,
611–612
Potassium/hydrogen exchange,
195
Potency, 73
Pott disease, 1092
Potter syndrome, 618
Prader-Willi syndrome, 111–112
Preadipocytes, 224
Precocious puberty, 775
Prediabetes, 800
Preeclampsia–eclampsia,
430–431
Preganglionic neurons, 848
Pregnancy
gestational diabetes, 804–805
HIV in, 371
hypertension in, 430–431
urinary tract infections in, 669
Pregnancy-associated plasma pro-
tein A (PAPP-A), for prenatal
screening and diagnosis, 125
Preload, 392, 393
f
, 487
Premature aging.
See
Progeria
Premature ventricular complex
(PVC), 389
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
(PMDD), 1040
Premenstrual molimina, 1040
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS),
1039–1040
Prenatal diagnosis, 124
cytogenetic and biochemical
assays, 126
invasive testing for, 125
f
, 126
maternal serum markers for,
124–125
methods for, 124–126, 125
f
non-invasive, 125
ultrasonography for, 124
Prerenal failure, 640
c
, 640–641,
640
f
Presbycusis, 983
Presbyopia, 961
Preserved ejection fraction heart
failure, 492
Pressure, in circulatory system,
376–378, 377
f
, 380
f
Pressure diuresis, 424
Pressure natriuresis, 424
Pressure overload, in heart fail-
ure, 491
Pressure ulcers, 1171–1172,
1171
f
Priapism, 1001
Prickle cells, 1142–1143, 1143
f
Prickly heat, 1178
Primary intention, in wound
healing, 79–80, 80
f
Primary motor cortex, 842, 843
f
Primary somatosensory cortex,
858, 858
f
Principal cells, 607
Prinzmetal angina, 456
Prions, 298–299, 298
t
Prodromal stage, of infection,
310, 310
f
Prodrome, 67
Proerythroblasts, 279, 280
f
Progenitor cells, 72
Progeria, 46, 46
f
Progesterone, 1023
Programmed cell death.
See
Apoptosis
Programmed theories, of cellular
aging, 45
Progressive multifocal leukoen-
cephalopathy (PML), 368
Prohormone, 755
Proinsulin, 795, 796
f
Prolactin, 1021, 1042
Prolapse, mitral valve, 462–463,
462
f
Proliferative phase
neoplasms and, 129–130
in wound healing, 80, 82, 82
f
Promoter region, 91, 93
f
Promyelocytes, 245, 245
f
Propionibacterium acnes
, 1160
Proprioception, 883
Prostaglandins
in circulatory control, 399
in inflammation, 57–58, 58
f
Prostate, 994
f
, 996, 1007
benign hyperplasia, 1008–
1010, 1008
f
–1009
f
cancer of, 1010–1011
Prostatitis, 1007–1008
Protease inhibitors, 315
for HIV infection, 370–371
Proteases, 77
in emphysema, 579, 579
f
Proteasomes, 6, 32
Protein-energy malnutrition,
234–235, 235
f
Protein inhibitor (PI) genes, 579
Protein kinase C (PKC), 814
Proteins.
See also specific proteins
buffer activity of, 194
CKD and, 649
digestion and absorption of,
691, 717, 718
t
energy requirements for,
225–226
metabolism and storage of,
794
renal blood flow and, 610–611
synthesis of, 91–94
liver in, 727–729, 727
t
,
728
f
for wound healing, 81
Proteinuria, 615
Proteoglycans, 28
Proteome, 88
Proteomics, 88
Proton pump, 687
Protozoa, 305
Proud flesh, 80
Proximal convoluted tubule,
601
f
, 603
urine formation in, 605–606,
605
f
PRRs.
See
Pattern recognition
receptors
Pruritus, 1150
with cholestasis, 731
Pseudogout, 1136
Pseudohyponatremia, 811
Pseudomembranous exudates, 60
Pseudostratified epithelium,
21–22, 22
f
Psoriasis, 1164–1165, 1165
f
Psoriatic arthritis, 1128
Psychosocial dwarfism, 772
