1220
Index
Superficial basal cell carcinoma,
1176
Superficial mycoses, 305
Superficial spreading melanoma,
1175
Superior vena cava syndrome,
554
Supernormal excitatory period,
389
Superoxide dismutase (SOD),
40–41
Supplementary motor cortex,
842, 843
f
Suppression tests, for endocrine
function, 764
Suppurative exudates, 60
Supratentorial herniations,
of brain, 920, 921
f
–922
f
,
922
Surface tension, in lung compli-
ance, 523–524, 523
f
Surfactant, 518, 519
f
, 523–524,
523
f
RDS and, 557–558, 557
f
Surgery
for cancer, 149
for infections, 315
for pain, 868
Sustained fever, 65–66, 66
f
SVA neurons.
See
Special visceral
afferent neurons
Swallowing, 681, 684
f
disorders of, 697
Swallowing center, 681, 684
f
Swan neck deformity, 1120
Sweat glands, 1146–1147
Sweat test, for cystic fibrosis,
584–585
Swelling, cellular, 42
Sympathetic nervous system,
848–850, 849
t
, 849
f
in bladder control, 658–659,
659
f
in gastrointestinal system,
680–682, 682
f
–683
f
heart failure and, 489–490
neurotransmission in,
850–851, 851
f
Symporters, 13, 14
f
Symptomatology, 309
Synapses, 27
transmission at, 826–829,
828
f
–829
f
Synaptic vesicles, 826–827
Synarthroses, 1074
Syncytium, 383
Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),
171
Syndrome X.
See
Metabolic
syndrome
Syngeneic graft, 353
Synovial fluid, 1074
Synovial joints, 1074–1076,
1074
f
–1075
f
Syphilis, 303, 1059–1061,
1059
f
–1060
f
Systemic autoimmune rheumatic
disease, 1119–1125, 1119
f
,
1121
f
, 1122
c
, 1124
f
Systemic circulation, 375–376,
376
f
, 394–400
Systemic immune complex disor-
ders, 349–350
Systemic inflammation
acute-phase response, 62–63
fever, 63–68, 63
f
, 64
f
, 64
t
, 66
f
Systemic inflammatory response
syndrome, 63
Systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE), 1123–1125, 1124
f
glomerulonephritis with, 627
Systemic sclerosis, 1125
Systole, 390, 391
f
Systolic pressure, 420, 420
f
, 422,
422
f
Tactile sensation, 860
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 471
Tall stature, 773
Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein, 615
Target organ damage, with
hypertension, 428
c
, 428–429,
431
c
Tay-Sachs disease, 6, 34, 111
Tazarotene, for psoriasis, 1165
TB.
See
Tuberculosis
TBW.
See
Total body water
T-cell receptor (TCR), 333,
334
f
–336
f
, 338
f
–339
f
T cells, 52
TCR.
See
T-cell receptor
Telangiectases, 1181
Telogen follicles, 1147
Telomerase, 45
Telomeres, 45
Temperature
body, regulation of, 63–65,
63
f
, 64
f
, 64
t
cellular injury from, 36
Temperature regulation, disrup-
tion of, with spinal cord injury,
912
Temporal lobe, 842–843, 843
f
Temporomandibular joint pain,
875
Tendons, 1074–1075, 1079
Tendon sheaths, 1075–1076
Teniae coli, 711
Tension pneumothorax, 570, 570
f
Tension-type headache, 874
Tentorium cerebelli, 844, 844
f
Teratogenic agents, 120–123,
122
c
Teriparatide, 1115
Terminal cisternae, 24
f
, 25
Terry nails, 649
Testes, 994, 994
f
, 1002–1003,
1002
f
–1003
f
cancer of, 1007
disorders of, 1003–1006,
1003
f
–1004
f
torsion of, 1004–1005, 1004
f
tunica disorders, 1003–1004,
1003
f
undescended, 1012–1013,
1013
f
Testosterone, 994–995, 995
c
,
1014
Tethering, in inflammatory
response, 55–56
Tetralogy of Fallot, 476
f
, 479
Tetraplegia, 887, 887
f
Thalassemias, 286
α
-Thalassemias, 286
β
-Thalassemias, 286
Theophylline, for asthma, 577
Thermal injury, 1168–1171,
1169
t
classification of, 1168–1169,
1169
t
systemic complications of,
1169–1170
treatment of, 1170–1171
Thermal sensation, 859
Thermoregulatory center, 63
Thermostatic set point, 63
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), 809
Third-degree burn, 1169
Third-space accumulation,
166–167
Thirst, 169, 176
disorders of, 169–170, 169
f
Thoracic aneurysm, 418
Threshold potential, 825–826,
826
f
Thromboangiitis obliterans,
415–416, 416
f
Thrombocytes.
See
Platelets
Thrombocytopathia, 271–272
Thrombocytopenia, 269–271,
270
f
, 742
Thrombocytosis, 268
Thrombophlebitis, 750
Thrombopoietin, 262
Thrombotic microangiopathies,
271
Thrombotic stroke, 933–934
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic
purpura (TTP), 271
Thymic hypoplasia, 361, 361
f
Thymic selection, 322
Thymine, in DNA, 88
Thyrocalcitonin.
See
Calcitonin
Thyroglobulin, 776
Thyroid gland
disorders of, 778–783, 778
t
hyperthyroidism, 778
t
,
781–783, 782
f
hypothyroidism, 778
t
,
779–781, 779
f
, 781
f
function tests for, 778
hormones of, 776–778
structure and function of,
775–778, 776
f
–777
f
Thyroid storm, 783
TIAs.
See
Transient ischemic
attacks
Tibial torsion, 1099
f
, 1100
Tibia vara, 1100–1101, 1101
f
Tic douloureux.
See
Trigeminal
neuralgia
Tidal volume (TV), 525–526,
526
f
TIIV.
See
Trivalent inactivated
influenza vaccine
Tinea capitis, 1154, 1155
f
Tinea corporis, 1154, 1154
f
Tinea faciale, 1154
Tinea manus, 1155
Tinea pedis, 1155, 1155
f
Tinea unguium, 1155–1156,
1155
f
Tinel sign, 893
Tinnitus, 980–981
Tissue, 1, 17, 20–29
connective.
See
Connective
tissue
embryonic origin of, 17, 20,
20
t
, 21
f
epithelial.
See
Epithelial tissue
extracellular components of,
27–29
muscle.
See
Muscle tissue
nervous.
See
Nervous tissue
oxygen dissociation in,
533–534, 533
f
proliferative capacity of, 73
repair of, 71
turgor of, 172, 173
f
Tissue regeneration, 78, 78
f
cutaneous, 79–81, 80
f
–83
f
factors affecting, 81, 83–84
phases of, 78–79, 79
f
TLC.
See
Total lung capacity
TLRs.
See
Toll-like receptors
T lymphocytes, 243
f
, 244
in adaptive immunity,
332–333, 333
f
–334
f
breakdown of anergy, 356
cell-mediated immunity and,
338–340, 338
f
–339
f
differentiation of, 242, 242
f
immunodeficiency disorders of,
360–361
in innate immunity, 319
f
,
320–322
tolerance to, 355–356, 355
f
TNF.
See
Tumor necrosis factor
TNF-
α
.
See
Tumor necrosis
factor-
α
Toenails, 1147–1148, 1147
f
Tolerable Upper Intake level, 225
Tolerance, in immunity, 340
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 327,
327
t
Tonic-clonic seizures, 946
Tonicity, 162, 162
f
Tonic movements, of gastrointes-
tinal system, 680
Tonic seizures, 946–947
Tophi, 1131, 1132
f
Torsional deformities, of limbs,
1098–1100, 1098
f
–1100
f
Total body water (TBW),
167–168, 168
f
Total lung capacity (TLC), 526,
526
f
, 526
t
in emphysema, 578
Total peripheral vascular resis-
tance, 378
Totipotent stem cells, 73
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 1163
Toxins, 307–308, 308
t
neuromuscular junction disor-
der, 890–891
Toxoplasmosis, 368
Trabeculae, 661
Trachea, 515–516, 516
f
Tracheobronchial airways,
515–517
Traction retinal detachment, 965
Transcellular compartment, 163
Transcription, RNA in, 91–92,
92
f
–94
f
Transcription factors, 94
Transferrin, 279, 279
f
Transfer RNA (tRNA), 3
structure and function of, 91
Transient ischemic attacks
(TIAs), 933
Transient left ventricular apical
ballooning.
See
Takotsubo
cardiomyopathy
Transitional epithelium, 22, 22
f
