1218
Index
Rheumatic disorders (
Continued
)
in elderly, 1135–1136
osteoarthritis, 1128–1131,
1129
f
, 1130
t
, 1135
seronegative spondyloar-
thropathies, 1125–1128,
1126
f
–1127
f
systemic autoimmune,
1119–1125, 1119
f
, 1121
f
,
1122
c
, 1124
f
Rheumatic fever (RF), 458–460
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD),
458–460
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
1119–1123, 1119
f
, 1121
f
,
1122
c
, 1135
Rheumatoid factor (RF), 1120
Rhinitis, 540
Rhinophyma, 1161, 1161
f
Rhinosinusitis, 540–542, 541
f
Rhinovirus, 541
Rhythmic movements, of gastro-
intestinal system, 680
Ribonucleic acid.
See
RNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 3
structure and function of, 91
Ribosomes, 4, 4
f
, 8
Rickets, 1115–1117, 1117
f
Rickettsiaceae, 303–304
Right ventricular heart failure,
492
f
, 493
Ring formation, in chromosome,
115, 116
f
RMP.
See
Resting membrane
potential
RNA
in protein synthesis, 89–90
structure and function of, 91
synthesis of, 3
transcription, 91–92, 92
f
–94
f
translation, 93–94
RNA interference (RNAi), 103
f
RNA polymerases, 91, 93
f
RNA sequencing, for infection
diagnosis, 312–313, 313
f
Robertsonian translocation, in
chromosome, 115, 116
f
Romberg test, 988
ROS.
See
Reactive oxygen species
Rosacea, 1161, 1161
f
Roseola infantum, 1179
Rotational testing, 988
Rotator cuff, injuries to, 1080–
1081, 1081
f
Rotavirus, 710
Rough ER, 4–5, 4
f
, 8
rRNA.
See
Ribosomal RNA
Rubella, 1179, 1179
f
Rubeola, 1179–1180, 1179
f
Ruffini corpuscles, 1145
Ruffini end-organs, 858
RV.
See
Residual volume
SA.
See
Sinoatrial
SAA.
See
Serum amyloid A
protein
Saccular aneurysm, 417
Salivary secretions, 686, 686
t
Saltatory conduction, 823
Sanger sequencing, 313–314, 314
f
San Joaquin fever, 551
SA node.
See
Sinoatrial node
Saprophytes, 298
Sarcoidosis, 587–588
Sarcoma, 130, 131
t
Sarcomeres, 24
f
, 25, 382
Sarcoplasm, 25
Sarcoplasmic reticulum, 24
f
, 25
Satellite cells, 27, 824
Satellites, 97
Satiety, 227–228, 227
f
Sausage digit, 1128
Scar formation, 78–80
Scavenger receptors, 327
Schwann cells, 27, 823
SCI.
See
Spinal cord injury
Sciatica, 896–897
SCID.
See
Severe combined
immunodeficiency
SCLCs.
See
Small cell lung
cancers
Scleroderma, 1125
Sclerosing adenosis, 1043
Scoliosis, congenital, 1106–1107,
1106
f
Scotopic vision, 962
Scrapie, 298
Scrotum, 1002–1003,
1002
f
–1003
f
cancer of, 1005–1006
disorders of, 1003–1006,
1003
f
–1004
f
Sebaceous glands, 1146–1147
Seborrheic keratosis, 1181
Secondary active transport, 15,
604, 605
f
Secondary diabetes, 803–804
Secondary intention, in wound
healing, 79–80, 80
f
Second-degree burn, 1168–1169
Secretin, 688
t
, 689
Secretions, of gastrointestinal
system, 686–688, 686
t
, 687
f
Secretory diarrhea, 714
Secretory granules, 22
Segmental demyelination, 892
Segmentation waves, in small
intestine, 684, 685
f
Seizures, 945–948
classification of, 945
c
,
945–947
diagnosis of, 947
provoked, 945
treatment for, 947
unprovoked, 945–947
Selectins, 29
in inflammation, 52
Selective estrogen receptor modu-
lators (SERMs), 1114–1115
Self-renewal, 73
Semen, production of, 995–996,
995
f
–996
f
Semiconservative replication,
88, 89
f
Semilunar valves, 385–386, 386
f
Seminal vesicles, 994
f
, 996
Seminiferous tubules, 995, 995
f
Senescence, 45–46, 46
f
Senile purpura, 273
Sensation
position, 859–860
tactile, 860
thermal, 859
Sensorineural hearing loss, 981
c
,
982
Sensory systems, 854–858, 855
f
Sensory unit, 855
Sentinel node, 135
Sepsis, 501
c
, 506–508, 507
f
thermal injury and, 1170
Septal defects
atrial, 476
f
–477
f
, 477
ventricular, 476
f
, 477–478
Septic shock, 501
c
, 506–508,
507
f
Septum primum, 477
Septum secundum, 477
Sequestra, 1092
SERMs.
See
Selective estrogen
receptor modulators
Serology, for infection diagnosis,
312
Seronegative spondyloar-
thropathies, 1125–1128,
1126
f
–1127
f
Serosal layer, in gastrointestinal
system, 677–679, 678
f
, 690
f
Serotonin.
See
5-Hydroxytryptamine
Serous exudates, 60
Sertoli cells, 995, 995
f
Serum amyloid A protein (SAA),
62–63
Serum bilirubin, 731
Serum biomarkers, in acute coro-
nary syndromes, 449
Serum creatinine, 614, 614
f
, 614
t
Serum sickness, 349–350
Severe combined immunodefi-
ciency (SCID), 361–362
Sex chromosomes, 95, 95
f
.
See
also
X-linked disorders
numeric disorders of, 118–120
Sexual function
CKD and, 645
f
, 648–649
disruption in, with spinal cord
injury, 911–912
Sexually transmitted infections
(STIs), 1049
of external genitalia, 1050–
1053, 1050
f
, 1052
f
vaginal, 1054–1056, 1054
f
,
1056
f
vaginal-urogenital-systemic,
1056–1061, 1057
f
–1060
f
SGLTs.
See
Sodium glucose
cotransporters
Shingles.
See
Postherpetic
neuralgia
Shivering, for heat production,
64
Shock, 500
anaphylactic, 501
c
, 502
f
, 506
cardiogenic, 501
c
, 502
f
,
504–505
compensatory mechanisms
of, 501
complications of, 508–509
distributive, 501
c
, 502
f
,
505–508
hypovolemic, 501
c
, 501–504,
502
f
–503
f
neurogenic, 501
c
, 502
f
, 506
obstructive, 501
c
, 502
f
, 505
pathophysiology of, 500–501
septic, 501
c
, 502
f
, 506–508,
507
f
types of, 501
c
, 501–508, 502
f
Short stature
in children, 771
c
, 771–773
idiopathic, 772
Shoulder, injuries to, 1080–1081,
1081
f
Shunts
in congenital heart disease,
474
in lungs, 529
portosystemic, 741–742, 741
f
Shy-Drager syndrome, 435
SIADH.
See
Syndrome of inap-
propriate antidiuretic hormone
Sickle cell disease, 283–285,
284
f
–285
f
Silent myocardial infarction, 456
Simple diffusion, 14
Simple epithelium, 21, 22
f
Single-gene disorders, 107, 107
t
with atypical patterns of
inheritance, 111
autosomal dominant, 107
t
,
108–110, 108
f
autosomal recessive, 107
t
,
110–111, 110
f
X-linked, 107
t
, 111, 111
f
Single-gene trait, 98
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs), 90, 101
Single-ventricle anatomy, 480,
480
f
Sinoatrial (SA) node, 386, 387
f
Sinusitis, 540
Skeletal muscle, 24–26, 24
f
contraction of, 25–26, 25
f
disorders of, 889–890, 889
f
structure of, 24–25, 24
f
Skeletal system.
See also
Bones;
Cartilage
disorders of
in children, 1098–1107,
1098
f
–1106
f
, 1102
t
congenital, 1101–1104,
1102
f
–1104
f
, 1102
t
infections, 1091–1093,
1091
f
metabolic, 1111–1118,
1112
c
, 1114
f
,
1117
f
–1118
f
neoplasms, 1094–1097,
1095
f
–1096
f
osteonecrosis, 1093
c
,
1093–1094, 1093
f
rheumatic, 1119–1136,
1119
f
, 1121
f
, 1122
c
,
1124
f
, 1126
f
–1127
f
,
1129
f
, 1130
t
, 1132
f
traumatic, 1078–1090,
1080
f
–1087
f
, 1089
f
,
1089
t
.
See also
Fractures
structures of, 1063–1073,
1064
f
–1065
f
, 1067
f
,
1068
t
–1069
t
, 1070
f
–1072
f
Skin
appendages, 1146–1148,
1147
f
basement membrane zone,
1145–1146, 1146
f
cancer of, 1174–1177.
See also
specific type
dermis, 1142
f
, 1144–1145
disorders of, 1148–1151
age-related, 1177–1181
allergic and hypersensitive,
1161–1164, 1162
f
, 1164
f
of dark skin, 1151, 1151
t
dry, 1150–1151
