Index
1217
Psychosocial factors, in adapta-
tion, 214–215
PTH.
See
Parathyroid hormone
PTSD.
See
Posttraumatic stress
disorder
Puberty, precocious, 775
Pudendal nerve, 658
Pulmonary angiography, for
pulmonary embolism, 589
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH), 590–592, 591
f
Pulmonary circulation, 375–376,
376
f
, 518
f
, 519
in congenital heart defects, 474
disorders of, 588
cor pulmonale, 592
pulmonary embolism,
588–590, 588
f
pulmonary hypertension,
590–592, 591
f
Pulmonary edema, 495–496
Pulmonary embolism, 588–590,
588
f
Pulmonary function studies,
525–526, 526
t
Pulmonary hypertension,
590–592, 591
f
Pulmonary hypoplasia, 618
Pulmonary stenosis, 476
f
, 478–479
Pulmonary ventilation.
See
Ventilation
Pulmonic valves, 385–386, 386
f
Pulse oximeter, 566–567
Pulse pressure, 420, 420
f
Pulsus paradoxus, 466–467
Punnett square, 98, 99
f
Pupillary reflexes, 928, 929
f
Purine bases, in DNA, 88
Purkinje system, 387, 387
f
Purulent exudates, 60
Pustular disorders, 1159–1161
Pustules, 1148, 1149
f
PVC.
See
Premature ventricular
complex
PVR urine.
See
Postvoid residual
urine
Pyelonephritis, 628–629,
629
f
–630
f
Pyloric region, 677, 677
f
Pyloric sphincter, 677, 677
f
Pyogenes, 60
Pyogenic osteomyelitis, 1091–
1092, 1091
f
Pyrexia.
See
Fever
Pyrimidine bases, in DNA, 88
Pyrogenes, 65
Pyruvic acid, in energy metabo-
lism, 9–10
Q fever, 304
Quadrantanopia, 970
Quadriplegia, 887, 887
f
Quick-relief medications, for
asthma, 576
RA.
See
Rheumatoid arthritis
RAAS.
See
Renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system
Radiation.
See also
Ultraviolet
radiation
cancer and, 143
cellular injury from, 37–38
in heat loss, 65
as teratogenic agent, 120–121
Radiation therapy, for cancer,
149–150
Ragged red fibers, 113
Raloxifene, 1115
RANKL.
See
Receptor activator
of nuclear factor-
k
B legend
Rapid filling period, in cardiac
cycle, 391
Rapidly progressive glomerulone-
phritis, 623–624, 624
f
RAS.
See
Reticular activating
system
Rashes, 1148
Raynaud phenomenon, 416–417,
416
f
RBC.
See
Red blood cell count
RDA.
See
Recommended Dietary
Allowance
RDS.
See
Respiratory distress
syndrome
Reactive arthritis, 1127–1128,
1127
f
Reactive hyperemia, 398
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
cellular injury caused by, 40–41
in inflammation, 59–60
in wound healing, 83
Receptor activator of nuclear
factor-
k
B legend (RANKL),
1069, 1071, 1071
f
Receptor-mediated endocytosis, 16
Receptors
adrenergic, 851
f,
852
of cell membrane, 12–13, 12
f
cholinergic, 851, 851
f
for hormones, 758
c
, 758–761
cell surface, 758–760, 760
f
control of number and
affinity, 758
insulin, 796–797, 797
f
nuclear, 759, 761, 761
f
neurotransmitters, 827–828,
828
f
pain, 861–862
Recessive trait, 98, 107
Recombinant DNA technology,
101–103
Recommended Dietary
Allowance (RDA), 225
Rectocele, 1034
f
, 1035
Rectum, cancer of, 720–721
Recycling vesicles, 5, 5
f
Red blood cell count (RBC), 281,
282
t
Red blood cells, 277–278, 278
f
age-related changes in
in elderly, 293–294
in neonates, 291–293, 292
t
laboratory tests for, 281, 282
f
,
282
t
life span and destruction of,
280–281, 281
f
membrane of, inherited disor-
ders of, 283–287
production of, 279–280, 280
f
Redundancy, 323
Reed-Sternberg cells, 255–256,
256
f
Referred pain, 864–865, 865
f
Reflexes
knee-jerk, 885, 885
f
pupillary, 928, 929
f
spinal, 839–840, 882–885,
884
f
, 888
with spinal cord injury, 908–910
stretch, 883–886, 884
f
Reflux nephropathy, 629
Refraction disorders, 960–961,
960
f
Refractory periods, in cardiac
conduction system, 388–389,
389
f
Regenerative medicine, 76
Regulatory T cells, 339
Regurgitation
of aortic valve, 461
f
, 464
mitral valve, 461
f
, 462
Reiter syndrome, 1127, 1127
f
Rejection
patterns of, 352–353
solid organ, 352–353
Relapsing fever, 65–66, 66
f
, 302
Relative refractory periods, 389,
389
f
, 826
Relaxation, for stress, 218, 218
b
Remittent fever, 65–66, 66
f
Remodeling, bone, 1068–1071,
1070
f
–1071
f
, 1087–1088,
1087
f
Remodeling phase, in wound
healing, 81, 81
f
, 83, 83
f
Renal agenesis, 618
Renal calculi, 633–635, 633
t
, 634
f
Renal cell carcinoma, 636–637,
637
f
Renal clearance, 614
Renal colic, 634–635
Renal corpuscle, 602–603, 602
f
Renal cysts, 621
Renal dysplasia, 618
Renal failure
acute.
See
Acute kidney injury
chronic.
See
Chronic kidney
disease
Renal hypoplasia, 618
Renal osteodystrophy, 190
Renal rickets, 1115
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system (RAAS), 169, 423
in blood pressure, 613
in heart failure, 490
stress response of, 211
Reperfusion, 450–451
Replicative senescence, 45
Repolarization, 826, 826
f
Residual bodies, 5
f
, 6
Residual volume (RV), 525–526
in asthma, 575
Resistance, in circulatory system,
378–379, 380
f
Resistance stage, in GAS, 208
Resistance vessels, 420
Resolution stage, of infection,
310, 310
f
Respiratory acidosis, 200–201,
201
t
Respiratory airways, 517–520,
518
f
Respiratory alkalosis, 201–202,
201
t
Respiratory center, 535, 535
f
Respiratory distress syndrome
(RDS)
acute, 508, 524, 592–594,
593
c
, 593
f
infant, 524, 557–558, 557
f
Respiratory failure, 594
c
,
594–595
clinical features of, 595
hypercapnic/hypoxemic, 595
hypoxemic, 594
c
, 594–595
impending, signs of, 561, 561
c
Respiratory lobules, 518–519,
518
f
–519
f
Respiratory muscles, 521–522,
522
f
with spinal cord injury, 910
Respiratory neurons, 535, 535
f
Respiratory system
in acid-base balance, 194
with deteriorating brain func-
tion, 929
in heart failure, 494
structural organization of,
513–520, 514
f
thermal injury and, 1170
Respiratory tissues, 514
f
Respiratory tract infections,
539–552.
See also specific
infections
in children, 555–561
with HIV, 367, 369
f
in neonates, 557–559, 557
f
,
560
t
, 561
c
Resting membrane potential
(RMP), 16, 19, 178, 178
f
,
825, 826
f
Restless leg syndrome, 648
Restriction enzyme, 101
Restrictive cardiomyopathies,
470
Retching, 693–694, 694
f
Reticular activating system
(RAS), 835–836, 927–928,
927
f
Reticular connective tissue, 23–24
Reticular dermis, 1145
Reticular fibers, 23–24, 28
Reticular formation, 835
Reticulate body, 303, 1057
Reticulocytes.
See
Red blood cells
Reticuloendothelial cells.
See
Kupffer cells
Retina, 961–963, 962
f
blood supply to, 963, 963
f
disorders of, 963–965, 964
f
Retinal detachment, 965–966,
966
f
Retinoblastoma genes, 137–138,
138
f
Retinopathies, 963–965
diabetic, 816, 964–965, 964
f
hypertensive, 965
Reuptake, 827
Reverse transcriptase, 299
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors,
for HIV infection, 370
Reversible cell injury, 42, 42
f
RF.
See
Rheumatic fever;
Rheumatoid factor
Rhabdomyolysis, 642
RHD.
See
Rheumatic heart disease
Rhegmatogenous detachment, of
retina, 965
Rheumatic carditis, 459
Rheumatic disorders
in children, 1133–1135
crystal-induced arthropa-
thies, 1131–1133, 1132
f
,
1135–1136
