1212
Index
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
568–569
Lactic acid
in energy metabolism, 9–10
formation of, 193
f
Lactic acidosis, 197
Lacunar infarct, 934
LAD.
See
Leukocyte adhesion
deficiency
Laennec cirrhosis.
See
Alcoholic
cirrhosis
LAIV.
See
Live, attenuated influ-
enza vaccine
Lamina propria, 677, 678
f
Laminar airflow, 524–525
Laminar blood flow, 378, 381,
381
f
Laminar bone, 1066
Langerhans cells, 332, 1144,
1144
f
Large calorie.
See
Kilocalorie
Large cell carcinomas, lungs, 553
Large intestine, disorders of,
705–721
Large vessel stroke, 933–934
Laryngotracheal airways, 515, 515
f
Late distal tubule, 603
in urine formation, 606–607,
607
f
Latent tuberculosis infection, 549,
549
f
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN),
969–970
Lateral sacs, 24
f
, 25
Law of Laplace, 379, 379
f
LDH.
See
Lactate dehydrogenase
LDL.
See
Low-density lipoprotein
Lead-pipe rigidity, 887
Lead poisoning, 35, 38–39
Lectins, 3, 330
Left ventricular heart failure,
492–493, 492
f
–493
f
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease,
1104–1105, 1105
f
Legionnaire disease, 547
Leiden mutation, 268
Leiomyomas, uterine, 1033, 1033
f
Lens, 960–961, 960
f
Lentiform nucleus, 898, 898
f
Lentigo maligna, 1181
Lentigo maligna melanomas, 1175
Leptin, 228, 231
Lesions, 1148, 1149
f
Leukemias, 249–253, 250
f
acute, 251–252
chronic, 252–253, 253
f
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
(LAD), 52
Leukocytes, 242
f
, 243–245, 243
f
developmental stages of,
244–245, 245
f
in inflammation, 50
f
, 51–52, 51
f
acute, 55–56
systemic, 63
nonneoplastic disorders of,
248–249
Leukocytosis, 63
Leukopenia, 742
Leukostasis, 251
Leukotriene pathway inhibitors,
577
Leukotrienes, in inflammation,
57–58, 58
f
LGN.
See
Lateral geniculate
nucleus
LGV.
See
Lymphogranuloma
venereum
Lhermitte sign, 903
Lichenification, 1148
Lichen planus, 1025, 1166, 1166
f
Lichen sclerosus, 1025
Lichen simplex, 1166
Ligaments, 1074–1075, 1079
knee injuries involving, 1082
Limbic system, 843, 844
f
Limbs.
See
Extremities
Linkage studies, for genetic
mapping, 97
f
, 99
α
-Linolenic acid, 58
Lipids.
See
Fats
Lipodystrophy, 369, 804
Lipofuscin, 34–35, 35
f
Lipoid nephrosis.
See
Minimal-
change disease
Lipoproteins, 404–405, 405
f
Liquefaction necrosis, 44
Live, attenuated influenza vaccine
(LAIV), 544
Liver
cancer of, 744
disease
alcohol-induced, 738, 738
f
drug-induced, 737
failure of, 742–744, 743
f
function
bile formation, 729, 729
f
disorders of, 731–744
metabolic, 727–729, 727
t
,
728
f
tests of, 731
metabolism and, 727–729,
727
t
, 728
f
physiologic functions of,
727–731, 727
t
, 728
f
–730
f
,
730
c
structure of, 724–726,
725
f
–726
f
transplantation
for hepatitis, 735
for liver failure, 744
LMNs.
See
Lower motor neurons
Lobules, 726, 726
f
Local immune complex disorders,
350
Localized bronchiectasis, 583
Localized vulvodynia, 1026
Locus, of genes, 98
Locus ceruleus, 210, 211
f
Long bones, 1065–1066, 1065
f
Longevity genes, 45
Longitudinal tracts, 835–836,
835
f
–836
f
, 835
t
Long-term medications, for
asthma, 576–577
Loop of Henle, 601
f
, 603
urine formation in, 606, 606
f
,
608, 608
f
Loose connective tissue, 23
Lou Gehrig disease.
See
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Low–bone-turnover osteodystro-
phy, 647
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL),
404–405, 405
f
, 406
t
Lower limb compression ultra-
sonography, for pulmonary
embolism, 589
Lower motor neurons (LMNs),
835, 882
Luminal membrane, 604, 605
f
Lung receptors, for breathing
regulation, 536
Lungs, 517–520, 518
f
cancer of, 552–555, 553
f
compliance of, 522–524, 523
f
development of, 555–557, 556
f
inflation, disorders of, 568–571,
569
f
–571
f
interstitial disease, 586
c
,
586–588
transplantation of, 592
volume of, 525–526, 526
f
, 526
t
in neonates and children, 556
Lyme disease, 302
Lymphatic spread, of cancer, 135,
135
f
Lymphatic system, 396–397,
397
f
–398
f
Lymph drainage, 163, 165, 165
f
obstruction of, 166
Lymph nodes, 322, 322
f
Lymphoblasts, 245
f
, 251
Lymphocytes, 243
f
, 244,
332–333, 333
f
–334
f
.
See also
B lymphocytes; T lymphocytes
in inflammation, 50
f
, 51
f
, 52
Lymphocytic leukemias, 250
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV), 1053
Lymphoid organs, 321
f
–322
f
,
322–323
Lymphoid tissues, 245–246, 246
f
,
322
neoplastic disorders of, 249–258
Lymphomas
Hodgkin, 255–256, 256
f
non-Hodgkin, 253–255, 254
c
,
255
f
Lysosomal storage diseases, 6
Lysosomes, 5–6, 5
f
, 8
Macrophage colony-stimulating
factors (M-CSF), 243, 324, 324
t
Macrophages, 243
f
, 244, 320
in adaptive immunity, 332
alveolar, 518–519, 519
f
in inflammation, 50
f
, 52
in innate immunity, 326
Macula densa, 610
Macular degeneration, 966–967,
966
f
Macule, 1148, 1149
f
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
stones, 633–634, 633
t
, 634
f
Magnesium balance, 181
disorders of, 187–189
regulation of, 187
Major histocompatibility complex
(MHC), 321, 333–335,
335
f
–336
f
, 335
t
in transplantation, 352
Malabsorption syndrome, 718,
718
t
Male reproductive system.
See
also specific components
aging and, 1013–1014
disorders of
of childhood, 1012–1013,
1012
f
–1013
f
penile, 1000–1002, 1001
f
prostatic, 1007–1011
scrotal and testicular,
1002–1006, 1002
f
–1004
f
hormonal control of, 997, 997
f
hormone production,
994–995, 995
c
neural control of, 998, 998
f
physiology of, 993–999, 994
f
spermatogenesis in, 995–996,
995
f
–996
f
Male-specific region (MSY), 95
Malignant melanoma, 1174–1175,
1174
f
Malleus, 975
f
, 976
Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 697
Malnutrition, 234–236, 235
f
with heart failure, 495
protein-energy, 234–235, 235
f
in trauma and illness, 235–236
MALT.
See
Mucosa-associated
lymphoid tissue
MALT lymphomas, 254
c
,
254–255
Malunion, 1088, 1089
t
Mammary duct ectasia, 1043
Mannose-binding ligand (MBL),
330
Mantle cell lymphomas, 254, 254
c
Marasmus, 234
Marasmus-kwashiorkor, 235
Marfan syndrome, 108, 109
f
Marginal zone lymphomas, 254
c
,
254–255
Margination, in inflammatory
response, 55–56
Massage therapy, for stress, 219
Mast cells
in hypersensitivity disorders,
345
in inflammation, 50
f
, 51–52
Mastitis, 1042–1043
Maternal serum markers, for pre-
natal screening and diagnosis,
124–125, 125
f
Matrix, 4
f
Matrix space, 6, 6
f
Maturity-onset diabetes of young
(MODY), 804
Maximum voluntary ventilation
(MVV), 526, 526
t
MBL.
See
Mannose-binding
ligand
MCDK.
See
Multicystic dysplas-
tic kidney disorder
MCH.
See
Mean cell hemoglobin
MCHC.
See
Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration
M-CSF.
See
Macrophage colony-
stimulating factors
MCV.
See
Mean corpuscular
volume
Mean arterial pressure, 420, 420
f
Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH),
281, 282
t
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC), 281,
282
t
Mean corpuscular volume
(MCV), 281, 282
t
Measles.
See
Rubeola
Mechanical forces, cellular injury
from, 36
Medial lemniscus, 856
Mediastinum, 513–514, 514
f
Medications.
See also
Drugs
cellular injury from, 38
elimination of, 612–613
Mediterranean anemia.
See
β
-Thalassemias
