1202
Index
Body mass index (BMI), calcula-
tion of, 228, 229
t
Body-self neuromatrix, 861
Body weight.
See
Weight
Bone marrow, 242–243, 242
f
,
1065
f
, 1066
Bone mineral density (BMD),
1112, 1114
Bones, 1063–1064
blood supply to, 1066, 1067
f
buffer activity of, 194
cells of, 1066–1068, 1067
f
,
1068
t
formation of, hormonal
control of, 1069, 1069
t
,
1071–1073, 1071
f
–1072
f
growth of, 1068
healing of, 1085–1088,
1086
f
–1087
f
infections of, 1091–1093, 1091
f
metabolism of
disorders of, 1111–1118,
1112
c
, 1114
f
, 1117
f
–1118
f
hormonal control of, 1069,
1069
t
, 1071–1073,
1071
f
–1072
f
metastatic disease of, 1097
osteonecrosis of, 1093
c
,
1093–1094, 1093
f
parts of, 1065–1066, 1065
f
remodeling of, 1068–1071,
1070
f
–1071
f
, 1087, 1087
f
,
1088
tumors of, 1094
benign, 1095
malignant, 1095–1097,
1095
f
–1096
f
types of, 1065, 1065
f
Bone tissue, 1066, 1067
f
Bony callus formation, in fracture
healing, 1087, 1087
f
, 1088
Borrelia burgdorferi
, 301
f
Bovine spongiform encephalopa-
thy (BSE), 298
Bowen disease, 1002
Bowlegs.
See
Genu varum
Bowman space, 601
f
–602
f
, 602
BPD.
See
Bronchopulmonary
dysplasia
BPPV.
See
Benign paroxysmal
positional vertigo
Brachytherapy, 150
Bradykinesia, 888
Bradykinin, in circulatory control,
399
Brain, 840–846, 840
f
–841
f
,
843
f
–846
f
infections of, 940–941
meninges of, 844, 844
f
pain and, 862–863
tumors of, 942–944
ventricular system of, 844–845,
845
f
Brain attack.
See
Stroke
Brain injury, 916
concussions, 926
contusions, 924
diffuse, 926–929, 927
f
,
927
t
–928
t
, 929
f
diffuse axonal injury, 926
edema, 918–919
excitatory amino acids in, 918,
918
f
hematomas, 924–926,
925
f
–926
f
herniation, 919, 921
f
–922
f
,
922
hydrocephalus, 922–923
hypoxic, 916–918, 917
f
increased intracranial pressure
in, 919
ischemic, 916–918, 917
f
mechanisms of, 916–919
traumatic, 923–926, 924
f
Brain stem, 833
t
–834
t
, 840
f
,
841–842
in motor function, 881
Breakpoint cluster region (BCR),
250
f
, 251
Breast
cancer of, 1044–1046, 1045
f
disorders of, 1042–1044
fibrocystic changes of, 1043
inflammation of, 1042–1043
proliferative lesions of,
1043–1044
structures of, 1041–1042, 1042
f
Breathing.
See also
Ventilation
airflow during, 524–525, 525
f
alterations in, 556
f
, 557
control of, 535–537, 535
f
efficiency of, 527
regulation of, 536
work of, 527
Breathlessness.
See
Dyspnea
Bronchi, 515–517, 516
f
Bronchial asthma, 572–578
in children, 577–578
diagnosis and treatment of,
575–577, 576
t
etiology and pathogenesis of,
572–575, 573
f
–574
f
extrinsic, 573–574, 573
f
–574
f
intrinsic, 573
f
–574
f
, 574–575
manifestations of, 575
severe, 577
Bronchial circulation, 518
f
, 519
Bronchiectasis, 582–583, 583
f
Bronchiolitis, acute, 559
f
,
560–561, 560
t
Bronchitis, chronic, 580
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
(BPD), 558–559
Bronchospasm, 517
Brown fat, 224
Brown-Séquard syndrome,
907–908, 908
f
Bruise, 1079
Brunner glands, 687
Brush border enzymes, 690
BSE.
See
Bovine spongiform
encephalopathy
Buerger disease.
See
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Buffer system, 194
Bulbourethral glands, 994
f
, 997
Bulimia nervosa, 237
Bullae, 1148, 1149
f
BUN.
See
Blood urea nitrogen
Bundle of His, 387, 387
f
Buphthalmos, 969
Burkitt lymphomas, 254, 254
c
,
255
f
Burn.
See
Thermal injury
Bursae, 1075–1076, 1075
f
CA.
See
Carbonic anhydrase
CABG.
See
Coronary artery
bypass grafting
Cachexia
in cancer, 145
with heart failure, 495
CAD.
See
Coronary artery disease
Cadherins, 29
CAH.
See
Congenital adrenal
hyperplasia
Calcifications
with CKD, 645
f
, 647
pathologic, 35, 35
f
Calcipotriene ointment, for
psoriasis, 1165
Calcitonin, 1114–1115
in bone formation and
metabolism, 1069
t
, 1072
Calcium
absorption of, 717, 718
t
imbalance of, with CKD,
646–647
Calcium antagonists, 469
Calcium balance, 181–182, 182
f
disorders of, 182–185
regulation of, 182–183, 182
f
Calcium stones, in kidneys,
633–634, 633
t
Callus, 1148
Callus formation, in frac-
ture healing, 1086–1088,
1086
f
–1087
f
Caloric testing, 988
Calories, 223
energy requirements for, 225,
225
t
CAMs.
See
Cell adhesion
molecules
Cancer.
See also specific anatomic
site
anemia in, 144–145
anorexia and cachexia in, 145
in children, 153–155, 153
f
, 154
t
clinical manifestations of,
144–146
diagnosis of, 147–149, 147
t
dysplasia in, 34
etiology of, 137–144
fatigue and sleep disorders in,
145
genetic basis of, 137–140
host and environmental factors
of, 141–144
invasion of, 134–135
metastasis.
See
Metastasis
molecular and cellular path-
ways of, 139–140, 139
f
molecular basis of, 137–140
screening for, 147
treatment of, 149–152
Cancer-associated genes,
137–138, 138
f
Candida albicans
, 305
in vagina, 1054–1055, 1054
f
Candidiasis
skin, 1156
vaginal, 1054–1055, 1054
f
CAPD.
See
Continuous ambula-
tory peritoneal dialysis
Capillaries
colloidal osmotic pressure in,
163–165, 164
f
filtration of, 163, 165
hydrostatic pressure in,
163–164, 164
f
lymphatic drainage by, 163,
165, 165
f
obstruction of, 166
oxygen transport to, 530, 532
f
peritubular, 601
f
permeability of, in edema,
165–166
structure of, 396, 396
f
Capillary blood glucose monitor-
ing, 806
Capillary pores, 396, 396
f
, 398
f
Caput medusae, 741
Carbaminohemoglobin, 534
Carbohydrates
digestion and absorption of,
690, 691
f
, 691
t
, 717, 718
t
liver in, 727, 727
t
, 728
f
energy requirements for, 226
renal blood flow and, 610–611
for wound healing, 81
Carbon, cellular accumulation
of, 35
Carbon dioxide
bicarbonate production and,
192–193
increased production of, 201
transport of, 192–193,
192
f
–193
f
, 534
Carbonic acid, 534
Carbonic anhydrase (CA),
192–193, 534
Carcinogenesis, apoptosis and, 43
Carcinoma, 130, 131
t
.
See also
specific types
Cardiac asthma, 494
Cardiac conduction system,
386–387, 387
f
action potentials in, 387–388,
388
f
disorders of, 389
electrocardiography of,
389–390, 390
f
–391
f
refractory periods in, 388–389,
389
f
Cardiac contractility, 392–393,
393
f
Cardiac cycle, 390, 391
f
atrial filling and contraction,
391
f
, 392
diastole, 390–392, 391
f
systole, 390, 391
f
Cardiac glycosides, for heart
failure, 498
Cardiac muscle, 24
Cardiac orifice, 677
Cardiac output (CO), 392
control of, 487
Cardiac region, 677
Cardiac reserve, 392
Cardiac tamponade, 466–467, 467
f
Cardinal signs of inflammation, 53
Cardiogenic shock, 501
c
, 502
f
,
504–505
Cardioinhibitory center, 400
Cardiometabolic syndrome.
See
Metabolic syndrome
Cardiomyopathies
arrhythmogenic right ventricu-
lar, 469
dilated, 469–470, 470
f
hypertrophic, 468–469, 468
f
myocarditis, 470–471
peripartum, 471
primary restrictive, 470
secondary, 471, 472
c
takotsubo, 471
Cardiovascular center, of brain,
420
