1204
Index
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)
chronic bronchitis, 580
diagnosis and treatment of,
581–582
emphysema, 578–580,
579
f
–581
f
manifestations of, 580–581, 581
f
Chronic rejection, 353
Chronic wasting disease, 298
Chvostek sign, 183, 184
f
Chylomicrons, 404–405, 405
f
Chylothorax, 569
Chyme, 684
Cigarette smoking.
See
Smoking
Cilia, 7, 21, 325
Cingulate herniation, of brain,
921
f
, 922
Circadian rhythms, 214
Circulation.
See also
Blood flow
arterial system, 395, 395
f
bronchial, 518
f
, 519
cerebral, 930–932, 931
f
collateral, 399
coronary, 444–446, 445
f
disorders of
arterial, 404–419
venous, 436–440
fetal and perinatal, 472–473,
473
f
microcirculation.
See
Microcirculation
neural control of, 399–400
organization of, 375–377,
376
f
–377
f
pulmonary.
See
Pulmonary
circulation
systemic, 394–400
venous, 395–396, 396
f
of lower extremities, 436,
437
f
Circulatory failure.
See
Shock
Circulatory overload, 173
Cirrhosis, 739–740, 740
f
alcoholic, 738
biliary, 736
CKD.
See
Chronic kidney disease
Cleft lip, 114, 114
f
Cleft palate, 114, 114
f
Climacteric, 1040
Clitoris, 1017, 1018
f
CLL.
See
Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia
Clonic seizures, 947
Cloning, of genes, 101, 102
f
Clonus, 888
Clostridium difficile
colitis,
710–711
Clot
dissolution of, 265, 265
f
, 267
increase in activity of,
268–269
retraction of, 265, 265
f
, 267
Clubfoot, congenital, 1104, 1104
f
Clue cells, 1055, 1056
f
Cluster headache, 874
Cluster of differentiation (CD)
molecules, 321
CML.
See
Chronic myelogenous
leukemia
CNS.
See
Central nervous system
CO.
See
Cardiac output
Coagulase, 309
Coagulation.
See also
Hypercoagulability
cascade, 265–267, 265
f
–266
f
defects of, 742
disorders of, 272–273
with CKD, 647–648
system components of, 262–263
Coagulation necrosis, 44
Coccidioidomycosis, 551
Codominance, 107
Codons, 89–91, 90
t
Cognitive deficits, from stroke, 937
Colchicine, 96
Colitis,
Clostridium difficile
,
710–711
Collagen, 28
Collateral circulation, 399
Collectin, 325
Collecting tubule, 601
f
, 603
in urine formation, 606–607,
607
f
–608
f
Colloid, 776
Colloidal osmotic pressure,
163–164, 164
f
in edema, 165
Colon
absorption and intestinal flora
of, 692–693
motility in, 685
Colonic diverticula, 711–712, 712
f
Colonization, 298
Colonoscopy, for colorectal
cancer, 721
Colony-forming units (CFUs), 242
Colony-stimulating factors
(CSFs), 243, 323–324, 324
t
Colorectal cancer, 720–721
Columnar epithelium, 21–22, 22
f
Comedones, 1160
Commensal flora, 298
Commensalism, 298
Comminuted fracture, 1084
f
, 1085
Common cold, 540
Common variable immunodefi-
ciency (CVID), 359–360
Community acquired, 307
Community-acquired pneumonia,
545
Compact bone, 1065, 1065
f
Compartment syndrome, 12–13,
12
f
, 1089–1090, 1089
f
Compensatory hyperplasia, 33
Compensatory hypertrophy, 32–33
Complement-mediated hypersensi-
tivity disorders, 348–349, 348
f
Complement system, 56, 328–331,
328
f
–329
f
Complex regional pain syndrome
(CRPS), 871
Compliance
of blood vessels, 379
of lungs, 522–524, 523
f
Compound fracture, 7, 1084
Compound nevi, 1173
Compression fracture, 1084
f
, 1085
Concussions, 926
Conditioning factors, 208
Conducting airways, 513–517,
514
f
–515
f
Conduction, in heat loss, 65
Conductive hearing loss, 981
c
,
982
Condylomata acuminata.
See
Genital warts
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
(CAH), 786–787, 786
f
Congenital disorders, 106–107
with atypical patterns of
inheritance, 111
chromosomal, 115–120
environmental influences in,
120–123, 122
c
fragile X syndrome, 112–113
genetic imprinting in, 111–112,
112
f
glaucoma, 969
hypothyroidism, 779–780, 779
f
of kidney, 617–621
mitochondrial, 113, 113
t
multifactorial inheritance
disorders, 113–114
single-gene, 107–111, 107
t
autosomal dominant, 107
t
,
108–110, 108
f
autosomal recessive, 107
t
,
110–111, 110
f
X-linked, 107
t
, 111, 111
f
skeletal deformities, 1101–
1104, 1102
f
–1104
f
, 1102
t
Congenital heart disease, 473–474
aorta, coarctation of, 476
f
,
479–480
atrial septal defects, 476
f
–477
f
,
477
endocardial cushion defects,
476
f
, 478
functional single-ventricle
anatomy, 480, 480
f
great arteries, transposition of,
476
f
, 479
manifestations and treatment
of, 475
patent ductus arteriosus,
475–477, 476
f
pulmonary blood flow in, 474
pulmonary stenosis, 476
f
,
478–479
shunting and cyanotic disorders,
474
tetralogy of Fallot, 476
f
, 479
ventricular septal defects, 476
f
,
477–478
Congenital infection, 306
Conidia, 304
Conjunctiva, 956–957, 956
f
–957
f
Conjunctivitis, 957–958, 958
f
Connective tissue, 20
t
, 23, 23
f
adipose, 23
healing and, 78, 78
f
cutaneous, 79–81, 80
f
–83
f
factors affecting, 81, 83–84
phases of, 78–79, 79
f
loose, 23
in neoplasms, 130
reticular and dense, 23–24
Consanguineous mating, 110
Consciousness
deteriorating, 928–929, 929
f
diffuse brain injury and,
927–928, 927
f
levels of, 928, 928
t
Constipation, 714–715
Constrictive pericarditis, 467
Contact, with infectious agents, 306
Contact dermatitis, allergic, 351
Contact inhibition, 133
Continuous ambulatory peri-
toneal dialysis (CAPD), for
CKD, 650–651
Continuous cyclic peritoneal
dialysis (CCPD), for CKD,
650–651
Continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM), 806
Continuous renal replacement
therapy (CRRT), for acute
renal failure, 642–643
Continuous subcutaneous insulin
infusion (CSII), 810
Contraction
of skeletal muscle, 25–26, 25
f
of smooth muscle, 26
Contrast venography, for pulmo-
nary embolism, 589
Control systems, for homeostasis,
207–208, 207
f
Contusions, 924.
See also
Bruise
Conus medullaris syndrome, 908
Convalescent stage, of infection,
310, 310
f
Convection, in heat loss, 65
Cooley anemia.
See
β
-Thalassemias
Coombs test, 287
Cooper ligaments, 1041, 1042
f
COPD.
See
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
Cornea, 956–957, 956
f
–957
f
keratitis, 959–960
trauma, 959
Corns, 1148
Coronary artery bypass graft-
ing (CABG), for myocardial
infarction, 453, 453
f
Coronary artery disease (CAD),
444–456
acute coronary syndrome.
See
Acute coronary syndromes
chronic ischemic heart disease,
454–456, 455
f
pathogenesis of, 446, 447
Corpora cavernosa, 997
Cor pulmonale, 493, 592
Corpus callosum, 840
f
Corpus luteum, 1024
Corpus spongiosum, 997
Cortical brain centers, in bladder
control, 658, 659
f
Cortical collecting tubule, 603
Cortical nephrons, 601
f
, 602
Corticosteroids, 57, 84
for COPD, 582
for RA, 1123
Corticotropin-releasing factor
(CRF), in stress response,
209–211, 211
f
Cortisol, 784–785, 785
f
, 785
t
stress response of, 211
Co-stimulators, 331
Cotransport.
See
Secondary
active transport
Cough reflex, 536–537
Countercurrent, 607
Counterregulatory hormones,
798–799
Coxa vara.
See
Slipped capital
femoral epiphysis
Coxiella, 303–304
Cradle cap, 1178
Cranial ganglia, 830
Cranial nerves, organization of,
832
C-reactive protein (CRP), 62
Creatine kinase, 449
Creatinine, serum, 614, 614
f
,
614
t
CREST syndrome, 1125
