Index
1203
Cardiovascular system
disorders of, in chronic kidney
disease, 645
f
, 646
thyroid hormone and,
777–778
Carditis, rheumatic, 459
Carina, 515–516, 516
f
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 893, 893
f
Carrier, in genetics, 98, 100
Carrier state, of hepatitis, 732
Cartilage, 1063
repair of, 1064
types of, 1064
Cartilaginous joints, 1074
Caseous necrosis, 44
Casual blood glucose test, 805
Catagen follicles, 1147
Cataracts, 961
Catastrophic antiphospholipid
syndrome, 269
Catecholamine, in autonomic
nervous system, 851
f
, 852
Catheter-induced infection, uri-
nary tract infection, 668
Cauda equina, 837
CCK.
See
Cholecystokinin
CCPD.
See
Continuous cyclic
peritoneal dialysis
CDH.
See
Chronic daily headache
CDKs.
See
Cyclin-dependent
kinases
CD molecules.
See
Cluster of dif-
ferentiation molecules
Celiac disease, 718–719
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs),
28–29
in inflammation, 52
Cell body, of neuron, 822–823
Cell columns, 832–833, 833
f
,
833
t
–834
t
, 835
dorsal horn, 832–833, 833
f
ventral horn, 833, 833
f
, 835
Cell cycle, 72–75, 74
f
–75
f
Cell density-dependent inhibition,
133
Cell-derived mediators, 56–60,
57
f
, 58
f
, 59
f
Cell free DNA (cf-DNA) frag-
ments, 125
Cell injury
causes of, 36–39, 37
f
mechanisms of, 39–41, 40
f
reversible, 42, 42
f
Cell junctions, 27, 28
f
Cell-matrix, extracellular matrix
interactions with, 77, 77
f
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
disorders, 350–351, 350
f
Cell-mediated immunity, 319
f
,
320, 331, 334
f
, 339–340
T lymphocytes and, 338–340,
338
f
–339
f
Cell membrane, 2–3, 3
f
, 8
potentials of, 16–19
receptors of, 12–13, 12
f
transport mechanisms of,
13–16, 13
f
–14
f
water movement across, 14–15
Cells
aging of, 45–46, 46
f
communication among, 12–13,
12
f
death of
apoptosis, 42–44, 42
f
, 43
f
necrosis, 42
f
, 44–45, 44
f
differentiation of, 71–72, 72
f
division.
See
Meiosis; Mitosis
function of
components of, 1–8, 2
f
–7
f
genetic control of, 87–94
integration of, 12–17
in inflammation, 50–52, 50
f
,
51
f
metabolism of, 8–11, 9
f
aerobic, 6–7, 9–11
anaerobic, 9–10
proliferation of, 71–72, 72
f
stress responses of, 31–36,
32
f
–33
f
, 35
f
tumor transformation of, 140,
140
f
Cell surface receptors, 758–760,
760
f
Cellular immunity.
See
Cell-
mediated immunity
Cellular swelling, 42
Cellules, 661
Cellulitis, 1157, 1157
f
Cement lines, 1117, 1118
f
Central auditory pathways,
980–981, 980
f
disorders of, 981
Central chemoreceptors, 536
Central circulation.
See
Pulmonary
circulation
Central cord syndrome, 906–907,
907
f
Central cyanosis, 566
Central integrative pathways, of
autonomic nervous system, 850
Central nervous system (CNS),
27, 821, 822
f
longitudinal tracts of, 835–836,
835
f
–836
f
, 835
t
lymphomas of, 943
neuroglial cells of, 824–825,
824
f
segmental organization of,
831–836, 831
f
–832
f
,
833
t
–834
t
, 835
f
–836
f
in stress response, 209, 210
f
Central tolerance, 354–356
Central venous pressure, 395
Centriacinar emphysema, 580,
580
f
Centric fusion, in chromosome,
115, 116
f
Cerebellar ataxia, 897
Cerebellum
disorders of, 897
in motor function, 882
Cerebral circulation, 930–932,
931
f
Cerebral edema, 918–919
Cerebral hemispheres, 840
f
, 842,
843
f
Cerebral vasospasm, 938
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
844–845, 845
f
Cerebrospinal fluid–brain barrier,
846
Cerebrovascular disease,
930–939
circulation and, 930–932, 931
f
stroke.
See
Stroke
Cerumen, impacted, 975
Cervicitis, 1028
Cervix, 1018–1020, 1019
f
cancer of, 1028–1029, 1028
b
disorders of, 1027–1029, 1027
f
CF.
See
Cystic fibrosis
cf-DNA.
See
Cell free DNA
fragments
CFRD.
See
Cystic fibrosis-related
diabetes
CFTR.
See
Cystic fibrosis trans-
membrane regulator
CFUs.
See
Colony-forming units
CGM.
See
Continuous glucose
monitoring
Chancroid, 1053
Checkpoints, of cell cycle, 72–73,
75, 75
f
Chemical gastropathy, 703
Chemicals
cancer and, 142
c
, 142–143
cellular injury from, 38–39
as teratogenic agent, 121–123
Chemical synapses, 826–829
Chemokines, 323
in inflammation, 59, 59
f
in metastasis, 136
Chemoreceptor reflexes, 421, 423
Chemoreceptors, for breathing
regulation, 536
Chemotaxis, in inflammatory
response, 55–56
Chemotherapy
for cancer, 150–151, 150
f
side effects of, 151
Cherry angiomas, 1181
Chest cage, 521–522
Chest wall, in neonate, 556, 556
f
Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 494
Chickenpox.
See
Varicella
Childhood, male reproductive
system disorders of, 1012–1013,
1012
f
–1013
f
Children
bone growth in, 1068
bronchial asthma in, 577–578
cancer in, 153–155, 153
f
, 154
t
chronic kidney disease in,
652–653
diabetes mellitus management
in, 810
fever in, 68
gastroesophageal reflux disease
in, 699–700
GH and IGF deficiency in,
772–773, 772
f
GH excess in, 773, 773
f
hearing loss in, 983
heart disease in, 472–481
HIV in, 371
hypertension in, 431–432,
432
t
obesity in, 233
pain in, 875–876
respiratory tract infections in,
559–561, 559
f
, 560
t
, 561
c
rheumatic disorders in,
1133–1135
short stature in, 771
c
, 771–773
skeletal disorders in, 1098–
1107, 1098
f
–1106
f
, 1102
t
skin disorders in, 1177–1180,
1178
f
–1180
f
urinary tract infections in,
669–670
Chill, 67
Chlamydiaceae, 303–304
Chlamydial conjunctivitis, 958
Chlamydial infections, 1056–
1058, 1057
f
Chloride/bicarbonate exchange,
194–195
Cholangiocarcinoma, 744
Cholangitis, 748
Cholecystitis, 746–747
Cholecystokinin (CCK), 227
f
,
228, 688
t
, 689, 745
Choledocholithiasis, 748
Cholelithiasis, 746, 747
f
Cholestasis, 730–731
Cholestatic drug reactions, 737
Cholesteatomas, 977
f
, 979
Cholesterol
bad.
See
Low-density
lipoprotein
good.
See
High-density
lipoprotein
Cholinergic receptors, in autonomic
nervous system, 851, 851
f
Chondrocytes, 1064
Chondromas, 1095
Chondrosarcoma, 130, 131
t
,
1095
f
, 1096
Chorea, 459, 888
Chorionic villus sampling, 125
f
,
126
Choroid plexus, 824
f
, 825,
844–845, 845
f
Chromatin, 2
f
, 3, 89, 89
f
Chromosomes, 89, 89
f
, 95–97,
95
f
.
See also
Sex chromosomes
abnormalities of, 133
disorders of, 115–120
numeric, 116–118, 117
f
sex chromosomes, 118–120,
118
f
–119
f
structure of, 95
f
, 96–97, 96
f
abnormalities in, 115–116,
116
f
Chronic daily headache (CDH),
874–875
Chronic hypertension, 431
Chronic ischemic heart disease,
454–456, 455
f
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
bone disease with, 645
f
, 647
cardiovascular disorders with,
645
f
, 646
in children, 652–653
clinical manifestations of,
644–649
clinical stages of, 644
diagnosis of, 644
dietary management of,
649–650
in elderly, 653
fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base
disorders, 645–646
glomerular filtration rate and,
643–644, 643
f
, 644
t
hematologic disorders with,
645
f
, 647–648
immunologic disorders, 645
f
,
648
mineral disorders of, 645
f
,
646–647
neuromuscular complications,
645
f
, 648
sexual dysfunction, 645
f
,
648–649
treatment of, 649–651, 651
f
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL), 252
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
(CML), 252–253, 253
f
