Index
1219
infectious, 1153–1159
lesions, 1148, 1149
f
nevi, 1173, 1173
f
–1174
f
papulosquamous der-
matoses, 1164–1166,
1165
f
–1166
f
pigmentary, 1148–1150,
1149
f
pressure ulcers, 1171–1172,
1171
f
primary, 1153–1166
pruritus, 1150
pustular, 1159–1161
rashes, 1148
thermal, 1168–1171, 1169
t
ultraviolet radiation,
1167–1168
epidermis, 1142–1144,
1142
f
–1143
f
heat loss through, 64–65
structure and function of,
1141–1146, 1142
f
turgor of, 172, 173
f
UV radiation damage to, 38
Skin eruptions, drug-induced,
1163–1164, 1164
f
Skinfold thickness, 228–229
Skin integrity
with CKD, 645
f
, 649
with spinal cord injury, 912–913
Skin tags, 1181
Skip lesions, 707
SLE.
See
Systemic lupus
erythematosus
Sleep disorders, in cancer, 145
Sleep-wake cycles, adaptation
and, 214
Slime, 308
Slipped disk, 895–896,
895
f
–896
f
Slow-reacting substance of ana-
phylaxis (SRS-A), 58
Slow response, cardiac action
potential, 388, 388
f
Slow waves, in gastrointestinal
motility, 680, 683, 683
f
Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs),
553
Small intestine
disorders of, 705–721
motility in, 682–685,
682
f
–683
f
, 685
f
disorders of, 713–716,
714
c
, 716
f
–717
f
organization of, 676
f
, 677
Small vessel stroke, 934
Smoking
CKD and, 649
emphysema and, 578–580,
579
f
IPF and, 587
Smooth ER, 4–5, 4
f
, 8
Smooth muscle, 24, 26, 26
f
contraction of, 26
intestinal, 683, 683
f
vascular, 394–395, 403–404
SNPs.
See
Single-nucleotide
polymorphisms
SOD.
See
Superoxide dismutase
Sodium
balance of
with CKD, 645, 645
f
disorders of, 171–176, 172
f
regulation of, 168–171
elimination of, regulation of,
611–612
Sodium glucose cotransporters
(SGLTs), 797
Soft tissue callus, in fracture heal-
ing, 1086, 1086
f
, 1088
Soft tissue injuries, 1079
Solar lentigines, 1181
Somatic cell hybridization,
100–101
Somatic neuropathies, 814–815
Somatosensory function
central processing of, 858,
858
f
dermatomes in, 855, 856
f
modalities of, 858–860, 859
f
organization and control of,
854–860
sensory systems in, 854–858,
855
f
sensory unit in, 855
spinal circuitry in, 855–857,
857
f
with spinal cord injury, 908
Somatostatin, 798
Somatotropin.
See
Growth
hormone
Somogyi effect, 813
Spasmodic croup, 559
f
, 560,
560
t
Spastic bladder, 659
f
, 665–666
Spasticity, 887
Special sensory afferent (SSA)
neuron, 833
f
Special somatic afferent (SSA)
fibers, 832, 854
Special visceral afferent (SVA)
neurons, 833, 833
f
Specific gravity, of urine, 615
Specific immunity.
See
Adaptive
immunity
Specificity theory, of pain, 860
Spectrin, 277, 278
f
Spermatocele, 1004
Spermatogenesis, 995–996,
995
f
–996
f
Spermatogenic cells
ductile transport of, 996, 996
f
production of, 995–996, 995
f
S phase, of cell cycle, 72, 74, 74
f
Sphenoidal sinuses, 540, 541
f
Sphincter of Oddi, 726
Spider fingers, 108, 109
f
Spinal cord, 837–840, 838
f
–839
f
ascending neural pathways
and, 862, 863
f
in bladder control, injury and,
658, 658
f
, 663
in motor function, 881
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
acute, 905–906
autonomic nervous system
disruption with, 910–911,
911
f
classification of, 906–908,
907
c
, 907
f
–908
f
functional abilities with, 908,
909
t
motor and somatosensory
function with, 908
repair of, 913
vertebral column, 904–905,
905
f
Spinal cord shock, 905
Spinal nerves, 838
f
–839
f
, 839
root disorders, 894–896
Spinal reflexes, 839–840,
882–885, 884
f
, 888
Spinal shock, 506
Spinal tap, 839
Spiral fracture, 1084
f
, 1085
Spirochetes, 302–303, 303
f
Spirometer, 526, 526
f
Spleen, 321
f
, 322
Splenomegaly, 741, 741
f
Splint, 1085
Split-thickness skin graft, for
thermal injury, 1170–1171
Spondyloarthropathies
juvenile, 1134
seronegative, 1125–1128,
1126
f
–1127
f
Spongy bone, 1065, 1065
f
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,
741
Spontaneous pneumothorax,
569–570, 569
f
Sporangiospores, 304
Sports-related injuries, 1079
Sprain, 1079–1080, 1080
f
Spurs, 1129, 1129
f
Squamous cell carcinoma, 130,
131
t
, 1176–1177, 1176
f
lungs, 552–553
penis, 1002
Squamous cell hyperplasia, 1025
Squamous epithelial tissue, 21,
22
f
SRS-A.
See
Slow-reacting sub-
stance of anaphylaxis
SSA fibers.
See
Special somatic
afferent fibers
SSA neuron.
See
Special sensory
afferent neuron
Stable angina, 455, 455
f
Stable tissues, 73
Staghorn stones.
See
Magnesium
ammonium phosphate stones
Stapes, 975
f
, 976
Staphylococcal infections
infective endocarditis, 457
rhinosinusitis, 541
Start codons, 90, 90
t
Starvation.
See
Malnutrition
Status epilepticus, 947–948
Steatorrhea, 692
ST elevation myocardial infarc-
tion (STEMI).
See
Myocardial
infarction
Stem cells, 72–73, 72
f
, 73
f
, 76
STEMI.
See
Myocardial
infarction
Stenosis
of aortic valve, 461
f
, 463–464
mitral valve, 461–462, 461
f
Stereognosis, 856
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 1163
Stimulation tests, for endocrine
function, 764
STIs.
See
Sexually transmitted
infections
Stomach, 676
f
–677
f
, 677
cancer of, 704–705
disorders of, 701–705,
702
f
–703
f
motility in, 681, 684
Stop codons, 90, 90
t
Strabismus, 971–973, 972
f
Strain, 2–3, 1079–1080
Stratified epithelium, 21–22, 22
f
Stratum corneum, 1143, 1143
f
Stratum germinativum, 1142,
1143
f
Stratum granulosum, 1143,
1143
f
Stratum lucidum, 1143, 1143
f
Stratum spinosum, 1142–1143,
1143
f
Strawberry hemangiomas.
See
Hemangiomas of infancy
Strawberry spots, 1055
Streptococcus
sp., 301
f
, 302
f
,
311
f
Stress
acute, effects of, 215–216
adaptation to, 212–215, 213
f
cellular response to, 36
adaptations of growth and
differentiation, 31–34,
32
f
, 33
f
intracellular accumulations,
34–35, 35
f
pathologic calcifications,
35, 35
f
chronic, effects of, 216
homeostasis, 206–208, 207
b
,
207
f
oxidative, 40–41, 46
PTSD, 216–218
response to, 208–212, 209
t
,
210
f
disorders in, 215–219
treatment for, 218–219
Stress fractures, 7, 1084
Stress incontinence, 664
Stressors, 208
Stress ulcers, 704
Stretch receptors, 536
Stretch reflex, 883–886, 884
f
Striatum, 898, 898
f
Stridor, 557
Stroke, 932–937, 933
t
deficits from, 936
diagnosis of, 934–935, 935
t
hemorrhagic, 934
ischemic, 932–934, 932
f
treatment of, 935–936
Stroke volume, in cardiac cycle,
392
Stromal tissues, 71
Struvite stones.
See
Magnesium
ammonium phosphate stones
Stunned myocardium, 451
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneu-
rysmal, 937–938, 937
f
Subcortical brain centers, in blad-
der control, 658, 659
f
Subdural hematomas, 925, 925
f
Subluxation, 1080
of patella, 1082
Submetacentric, 97, 97
f
Submucosal layer, in gastrointes-
tinal system, 677–678, 678
f
,
690
f
Submucosal plexus, 680, 682,
682
f
Subperiosteal chondromas, 1095
Substantia nigra, 898, 898
f
Subthalamic nucleus, 898, 898
f
Sudden cardiac death, 495
Sunburn, 1168
Superantigens, 357
